An updated “climatology” of tornadoes and waterspouts in Italy
An updated “climatology” of tornadoes and waterspouts in Italy
复制标题
意大利龙卷风和水龙卷的最新“气候学”
DOI：
10.1002/joc.5526
复制
发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
I. Matsangouras
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Miglietta;I. Matsangouras
从地理、季节、月度、日度和等级分布方面分析了意大利十年龙卷风（TR）和水龙卷（WS）。以欧洲恶劣天气数据库为基础，开发了2007-2016年期间的综合数据集，其中包括707 WS和371 TR。 WS 类别包括许多弱事件，但也包括一些强烈的涡流，它们在登陆时能够产生重大损害。 WS 主要在受西风影响的意大利海岸附近发展（第勒尼安和普利亚地区爱奥尼亚海岸）；其中 25% 登陆并成为 TR。大多数 WS 发生在秋季 (43%)，其次是夏季 (33%)。平均密度为每年每 100 公里海岸线 0.9 起事件，但次区域差异很大，第勒尼安海岸的一些地点峰值约为 5 起。约一半病例TR源自WS； TR的平均密度为每年每104平方公里1.23次，与其他地中海地区相当。 TR发生夏季较多，秋季次之；然而，由于TR的分析仅限于内陆地区，因此夏季和春末的事件数量最多。后一个结果表明“大陆”病例和“海洋”病例之间存在区别，“大陆”病例主要影响春末和夏季的意大利北部，而“海洋”病例主要影响夏末和秋季的半岛地区。据报道，TR 密度最高的地区是拉齐奥和托斯卡纳沿岸、威尼斯平原、普利亚南部：在这些地区，事件密度与 TR 发生率最高的美国各州相当。相比之下，意大利任何地区出现重大TR的概率都比风险最高的美国各州小得多。
Ten years of tornadoes (TR) and waterspouts (WS) in Italy are analysed in terms of geographical, seasonal, monthly, diurnal, and rating distribution. Starting from the European severe weather database, a comprehensive data set is developed for the period 2007–2016, which includes 707 WS and 371 TR. The category of WS includes many weak events but also some intense vortices, able to produce significant damages as they make landfall. WS develop mainly near the Italian coasts exposed to westerly flows (Tyrrhenian and Apulia region Ionian coast); 25% of them makes landfall and becomes TR. The majority of WS develops in autumn (43%), followed by summer (33%). The average density is 0.9 events per 100 km of coastline per year, although there is a strong subregional variation, with peaks of around 5 in some spots along the Tyrrhenian coast. TR originate from WS in about half of cases; the average density of TR is 1.23 events per 104 km2 per year, which is comparable with other Mediterranean regions. The occurrence of TR is more frequent in summer, followed by autumn; however, limiting the analysis to TR originated inland, the number of events is maximum in summer and late spring. The latter result suggests a distinction of “continental” cases, mainly affecting northern Italy in late spring and summer, and “maritime” cases, which affect mainly the peninsular regions in late summer and autumn. The highest density of TR was reported along the coasts of Lazio and Tuscany, in the Venetian plain, in the southern part of Apulia: in these regions, the density of events is comparable with that of the U.S. states with the highest TR rates. In contrast, the probability of significant TR in any Italian region is much smaller than that of the U.S. states with the highest risk.