Natural and within-farmland biodiversity enhances crop productivity
Natural and within-farmland biodiversity enhances crop productivity
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01579.x
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发表时间：
2011-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
8.8
通讯作者：
Nicolson, Susan Wendy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Carvalheiro, Luisa Gigante;Veldtman, Ruan;Nicolson, Susan Wendy
大规模农业的持续扩张严重威胁着自然栖息地及其提供的授粉服务。人们普遍建议在农田中创建具有高植物多样性的斑块，作为有利于授粉昆虫的一项措施。然而，农民很少采取这种做法，而是清除自然生长的植物（杂草）。通过将传粉媒介排除实验与蜜蜂行为和花访网分析相结合，我们发现杂草的存在使传粉媒介能够在向日葵田中持续存在，从而最大限度地利用剩余的自然栖息地对这种大规模作物的生产力的好处。杂草多样性增加了花卉访客的多样性，从而改善了与自然栖息地隔离所带来的负面影响。虽然蜜蜂是最丰富的访客，但花卉访客的多样性增强了蜜蜂的运动，是影响生产力的主要因素。保护自然斑块与促进农作物开花可以最大限度地提高生产力，从而减少农田扩张的需要，从而促进可持续农业。
P>Ongoing expansion of large-scale agriculture critically threatens natural habitats and the pollination services they offer. Creating patches with high plant diversity within farmland is commonly suggested as a measure to benefit pollinators. However, farmers rarely adopt such practice, instead removing naturally occurring plants (weeds). By combining pollinator exclusion experiments with analysis of honeybee behaviour and flower-visitation webs, we found that the presence of weeds allowed pollinators to persist within sunflower fields, maximizing the benefits of the remaining patches of natural habitat to productivity of this large-scale crop. Weed diversity increased flower visitor diversity, hence ameliorating the measured negative effects of isolation from natural habitat. Although honeybees were the most abundant visitors, diversity of flower visitors enhanced honeybee movement, being the main factor influencing productivity. Conservation of natural patches combined with promoting flowering plants within crops can maximize productivity and, therefore, reduce the need for cropland expansion, contributing towards sustainable agriculture.