Barriers to implementing poverty alleviation through livelihood strategies: A participatory analysis of farming communities in Ethiopia's upper Blue Nile basin
Barriers to implementing poverty alleviation through livelihood strategies: A participatory analysis of farming communities in Ethiopia's upper Blue Nile basin
复制标题
通过生计战略实施扶贫的障碍：对埃塞俄比亚青尼罗河上游流域农业社区的参与性分析
DOI：
10.1016/j.envsci.2022.07.002
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Alemie T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Alemie T
贫穷是一个多层面的全球性挑战，阻碍个人和社区满足基本需求的能力。这些能力是由当地配置的体制和生物物理过程形成的，而这些过程往往对外部研究人员和从业人员是隐藏的。为了探索这一全球性问题，我们采用参与式农村评估（PRA）方法，以揭示在埃塞俄比亚青尼罗河上游流域实施生计战略以解决贫困问题的障碍，该流域85%的人口是依赖当地生态系统服务（ES）的自给农民。我们分三步确定当地扶贫的障碍。首先，我们对青尼罗河上游Debre Mawi流域社区之间的主要生态系统与生计的相互关系进行分类。其次，我们使用生物物理和社会评估标准来评估这些相互关系中正在进行的斗争，以评估贫困与当前ES管理模式的关系。分析确定了生计和监管（作物病虫害防治），供应（水，土地，饲料供应，土壤肥力）和文化（自上而下的ES管理，人口增长）ES之间的复杂的相互依赖关系，创造瓶颈，有效地“锁定”贫困。第三，我们确定了潜在的新的ES管理策略，重点是旱季水的可用性。我们对屋顶集水进行了参与性实地实验，以证明这是一种很有前途的方法，可以增加水的可用性，提高农业生产。根据屋顶面积，我们的模型表明，农民可以从5个月的肉牛育肥中增加136 - 14，876美元的家庭收入，从4个月的绵羊育肥中增加69 -7704美元的家庭收入。除了这些具体的生计战略外，研究结果可推广到世界上依赖环境服务的地区。
Poverty is multi-dimensional global challenge that impedes individual and community capacities to satisfy basic needs. These capacities are shaped by locally configured institutional and biophysical processes that are often hidden from external researchers and practitioners. To explore this worldwide aspect, we adopt participatory rural appraisal (PRA) methods to expose barriers to implementing livelihood strategies to address poverty in Ethiopia’s upper Blue Nile basin, where 85 % of the population are subsistence farmers reliant on local ecosystem services (ES). We identify local barriers to poverty alleviation in three steps. First, we classify major ES-livelihood interrelationships among communities of Debre Mawi catchment in upper Blue Nile. Secondly we assess ongoing struggles in these interrelations using combined biophysical and social assessment criteria to evaluate how poverty relates to current patterns of ES management. The analysis identifies complex interdependencies between livelihoods and regulating (crop pest controls), provisioning (water, land, and feed availability, soil fertility) and cultural (top-down ES management, population growth) ES that create bottlenecks to effectively ‘lock in’ poverty. Thirdly, we identify potential new ES management strategies, focused on dry season water availability. We conduct participatory field experiments on rooftop water harvesting to show this is a promising approach for increasing water availability to enhance agricultural production. Depending on the rooftop area, our modelling suggests that farmers can improve household income by US$136– 14,876 from 5 months beef fattening and US$69–7704 from 4 months sheep fattening. Except these specific livelihood strategies, the findings are replicable to the world’s ES-dependent regions.