Replication clamps and clamp loaders.

Replication clamps and clamp loaders.
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DOI:
10.1101/cshperspect.a010165
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发表时间:
2013-04-01
影响因子:
7.2
通讯作者:
Benkovic SJ
Benkovic SJ
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hedglin M;Kumar R;Benkovic SJ

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为了达到DNA复制所需的高度加工性,DNA聚合酶与环绕模板DNA并沿着模板DNA自由滑动的环形滑动夹子结合在一起。滑动夹的闭合环形结构需要一种酶催化的机制,这种机制不仅打开它们进行组装并将它们关闭在DNA周围,而且专门将它们定位在启动DNA合成的位置,并正确地定位它们以进行复制。这一壮举是由被称为钳位加载器的多亚基复合体执行的,它使用ATP打开滑动钳环,并将它们放置在引物-模板(PT)连接的3‘端周围。在这里,我们从生命的三个领域以及T4噬菌体讨论了滑动夹子和夹子加载器的结构和组成,并提供了我们对夹子加载过程的最新理解。
To achieve the high degree of processivity required for DNA replication, DNA polymerases associate with ring-shaped sliding clamps that encircle the template DNA and slide freely along it. The closed circular structure of sliding clamps necessitates an enzyme-catalyzed mechanism, which not only opens them for assembly and closes them around DNA, but specifically targets them to sites where DNA synthesis is initiated and orients them correctly for replication. Such a feat is performed by multisubunit complexes known as clamp loaders, which use ATP to open sliding clamp rings and place them around the 3′ end of primer–template (PT) junctions. Here we discuss the structure and composition of sliding clamps and clamp loaders from the three domains of life as well as T4 bacteriophage, and provide our current understanding of the clamp-loading process.
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