Sphaerostephanos (Thelypteridaceae) in Asia, excluding Malesia
Sphaerostephanos (Thelypteridaceae) in Asia, excluding Malesia
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DOI：
10.2307/4109988
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发表时间：
1979
期刊：
影响因子：
0.9
通讯作者：
R. E. Holttum
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. E. Holttum
Sphaerostephanos J. Sm. (in虎克，菲尔将军t. 24，1839）是基于一个单一的物种，其特征是细长的孢子囊群，其结构被错误地观察到，随后由其作者指出，他后来承认，它是'几乎没有区别于肾'（Hist.Fil.：210，1875），在该属中，N. javanicum，它是由胡克（规格文件。4：67，1862）。然而，大多数后来的作者都坚持它（或它的替代品Mesochlaena R。Br.）作为一个单独在其细长的孢子囊群上不同的属;如此构成的它是一个与具有圆形孢子囊群的物种既不紧密亲缘也不明显不同的物种的混合物。当我在1971年提出一个新的属系统时（艾纳香19：39），我发现Sphaerostephanos是一大群主要是Malesian物种的最古老的属名，他们中的大多数孢子囊群不伸长，并相应地重新定义了它。1977年在太平洋描述了17种（Allertonia 1，No. 3）;在即将出版的《植物群Malesiana Series II》中，将讨论Malesiana 160种;本文涉及亚洲除Malesiana 13种之外的13种，其中6种也是Malesian分布。几乎所有的种都是林下植物，茎直立或短匍匐，大多数是有限分布的，广泛分布的S.在开阔地生长并有一个长匍匐茎的单蕊。几乎所有种的一个特征是存在小的无柄球形黄色腺体，在S。丛枝发生在孢子囊的两面、孢子囊和囊壳上（图9和10）。在马耳草中，可以追踪到一系列的物种，这些物种表现出这些腺体的逐渐丧失，并且有相当多的少数物种没有腺体，尽管在其他方面它们似乎属于该属。在亚洲大陆S. hirtisorus属于这一类，似乎与广泛分布的S. invisus（Forst. f.）的文件名东马林斯基和太平洋的霍尔特姆。该属最具特色的野外特征，它与水蕨属共有，是基部羽状花序非常退化，通常有从正常到退化的急剧过渡。这些减少的耳廓的数量、大小和形状，以及下正常耳廓的形状，提供了重要的诊断特征。旧的标本馆标本通常缺乏叶状体的基部，早期的作者未能认识到下羽叶的独特特征，通常也忽略了腺体的存在。这导致
Sphaerostephanos J. Sm. (in Hook., Gen. Fil. t. 24, 1839) was based on a single species characterized by elongate sori, the structure of which was incorrectly observed, as subsequently noted by its author who later admitted that it is 'scarcely distinct from Nephrodium' (Hist. Fil.: 210, 1875) in which genus, as N. javanicum, it was placed by Hooker (Spec. Fil. 4: 67, 1862). Most subsequent authors, however, maintained it (or its substitute Mesochlaena R. Br.) as a genus solely distinct in its elongate sori; as so constituted it is a mixture of species not closely allied nor sharply distinct from species with circular sori. When I proposed a new system of genera in the family Thelypteridaceae in 1971 (Blumea 19: 39) I found that Sphaerostephanos was the oldest generic name for a large group of mainly Malesian species, most of them with sori not elongate, and re-defined it accordingly. The 17 species in the Pacific were described in 1977 (Allertonia 1, No. 3); the c. 160 species in Malesia will be dealt with in a forthcoming issue of Flora Malesiana Series II; the present paper is concerned with the 13 species of Asia excluding Malesia, six of which are also Malesian in distribution. Nearly all species are plants of forest with erect or short-creeping caudex, and most are of restricted distribution; an exception is the widelydistributed S. unitus which grows in open places and has a long-creeping caudex. A character of almost all species is the presence of small sessile spherical yellow glands which in S. arbuscula occur on both surfaces of pinnae and on indusia and sporangia (Plates 9 & 10). In Malesia a series of species can be traced showing gradual loss of these glands, and there is a considerable minority in which no glands occur, though in other ways they appear to belong to the genus. In mainland Asia S. hirtisorus belongs to this group and appears to be closely allied to the widely-distributed S. invisus (Forst. f.) Holttum of Eastern Malesia and the Pacific. The most distinctive field-character of the genus, which it shares with Pneumatopteris, is the presence of much-reduced basal pinnae, usually with a sharp transition from normal to reduced. The number, size and shape of these reduced pinnae, and the shape of lower normal pinnae, provide important diagnostic characters. Old herbarium specimens often lack the base of fronds, and early authors failed to recognize the distinctive characters of lower pinnae, often also ignoring the presence of glands. This led to