Are shell strength phenotypic traits in mussels associated with species alone?
Are shell strength phenotypic traits in mussels associated with species alone?
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DOI：
10.3390/aquacj1010002
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发表时间：
2021-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Fitzer, Susan C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Carboni, Stefano;Evans, Sarah;Fitzer, Susan C.
贻贝经常杂交形成贻贝物种复合体，包括M。edulis和M. galloprovincialis是欧洲栽培的主要种，在它们的地理分布重叠的地方，种M. trossulus。有人认为M. trossulus的外壳比英国本土的M弱。edulis和杂交降低了养殖贻贝的产量和整体适合度。在这里，我们调查物种和壳的弱点之间的假设联系，采用多位点基因分型结合测量的六个不同的表型指示壳强度（壳厚度，弯曲强度，杨氏模量，维氏硬度，断裂韧性，方解石和文石晶体取向）。来自壳强度研究的历史证据假定了基于地理起源、单位点DNA标记或等位酶遗传技术的物种命名，这些技术在辨别杂交个体的能力方面是有限的。单核苷酸多态性标记现在已经开发出来，能够更好地区分复杂的物种和它们的杂交种。我们的研究表明，壳强度表型性状与物种的相关性比以前认为的要小。在这项研究中概述的技术的应用挑战的历史影响M。trossulus杂交对贻贝产量的影响，并为环境确定贻贝壳适合度开辟了可能性。
Mussels often hybridise to form the Mytilus species complex comprised of M. edulis and M. galloprovincialis as the main species cultivated in Europe and, where their geographical distribution overlaps, the species M. trossulus. It has been suggested that M. trossulus have a weaker shell than the UK native M. edulis and hybridisation reduces farmed mussel yields and overall fitness. Here, we investigate the hypothesised link between species and shell weakness, employing multi-locus genotyping combined with measurements of six different phenotypes indicative of shell strength (shell thickness, flexural strength, Young's modulus, Vicker's hardness, fracture toughness, calcite and aragonite crystallographic orientation). Historic evidence from shell strength studies assumed species designation based on geographical origin, single locus DNA marker or allozyme genetic techniques that are limited in their ability to discern hybrid individuals. Single nucleotide polymorphic markers have now been developed with the ability to better distinguish between the species of the complex and their hybrids. Our study indicates that shell strength phenotypic traits are less associated with species than previously thought. The application of techniques outlined in this study challenges the historic influence of M. trossulus hybridisation on mussel yields and opens up potential for the environment to determine mussel shell fitness.