SPECIES RICHNESS WITHIN FAMILIES OF FLOWERING PLANTS
SPECIES RICHNESS WITHIN FAMILIES OF FLOWERING PLANTS
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1558-5646.1994.tb02200.x
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发表时间：
1994-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
RENNER, SS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
RICKLEFS, RE;RENNER, SS
花植物科之间的物种和属的丰富度的变化进行了研究，相对于四个分类变量：地理分布，生长形式，授粉模式，和传播模式。以前的研究估计了年龄和当代多样性的物种增殖率。在这里，我们发现化石记录中最早出现的化石与当代家族物种丰富度，化石记录中的丰度以及本分析中考虑的自变量相关。因此，我们认为化石记录不能提供合理的估计年龄的家庭和物种的增殖率不能计算出这样的数据没有偏见。因此，我们随后的分析是基于当代物种丰富度的家庭。虽然分类变量是相互关联的，但每个分类变量对家族物种丰富度的贡献在很大程度上是独立的。世界性的家庭比严格的热带家庭和35倍以上的物种丰富的物种比严格的温带家庭的5.6倍。包括草本和木本生长形式的家庭分别为5.7和14倍以上的物种丰富的家庭，无论是单独的生长形式。虽然动物授粉与家族物种丰富度的升高显著相关，但这种影响在统计学上很弱。最突出的影响是，家庭与非生物和生物的传播有超过10倍的物种数量的家庭与任何一个单独的传播模式。我们的分析还表明，家庭具有两种传播模式更有可能有几个增长形式，这表明形态的进化灵活性可能会概括在生活史的各个方面。这些结果并不支持这样的想法，授粉和传播的动物是主要负责的被子植物物种的巨大增殖，无论是通过生产人口结构有利于物种形成或多样化的应用选择。相反，不同的传播模式，生长形式和气候带在预测高家族物种丰富度的重要性表明，在形态和生理上多样化的能力可能是主要负责高速率的物种增殖的显花植物。
Variation in species and genus richness among families of flowering plants was examined with respect to four classification variables: geographical distribution, growth form, pollination mode, and dispersal mode. Previous studies have estimated rates of species proliferation from age and contemporary diversity. Here we found that the earliest appearances in the fossil record are correlated with contemporary familial species richness, abundance in the fossil record, and the independent variables considered in this analysis. Thus, we believe that the fossil record does not provide reasonable estimates of the ages of families and that the rate of species proliferation cannot be calculated from such data without bias. Accordingly, our subsequent analyses were based on contemporary species richness of families. Although the classification variables were interrelated, each made largely independent contributions to familial species richness. Cosmopolitan families were 5.6 times more species-rich than strictly tropical families and 35 times more species-rich than strictly temperate families. Families including both herbaceous and woody growth forms were 5.7 and 14 times more species-rich than families with either growth form alone. Although animal pollination was significantly associated with elevated familial species richness, the effect was statistically weak. The most prominent effect was that families with both abiotic and biotic dispersal had more than 10 times as many species as families with either dispersal mode alone. Our analyses also revealed that families having both dispersal modes were more likely to have several growth forms, suggesting that evolutionary flexibility of morphology may be generalized over diverse aspects of life history. These results do not support the idea that pollination and dispersal by animals were primarily responsible for the tremendous proliferation of angiosperm species, either by producing population structures conducive to speciation or by applying selection for diversification. Instead, the importance of varied dispersal mode, growth form, and climate zone in predicting high familial species richness suggests that a capacity to diversify morphologically and physiologically may have been primarily responsible for high rates of species proliferation in the flowering plants.