Drosophila Molecular Phylogenies and Their Uses
Drosophila Molecular Phylogenies and Their Uses
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DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4615-1847-1_3
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发表时间：
1995
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Powell;R. DeSalle
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Powell;R. DeSalle
相对较少的生物体可以作为生物学家的实验材料，人们可以说，在当今现存的数百万种植物和动物中，没有任何一种生物体作为实验生物体比果蝇受到更多的关注。在本世纪上半叶，遗传学是生物学中最令人兴奋和最新的领域，由于摩根及其同事的使用，果蝇在阐明遗传原理方面发挥了核心作用。本世纪中叶，进化遗传学以及达尔文主义与孟德尔主义的综合代表了生物学思想的重大进步。用于支持这种综合的大部分实证工作都以果蝇为中心，作为研究有机体，多布赞斯基的工作就是例证。在本世纪下半叶，分子生物学和发育已成为首要的研究领域，果蝇再次发挥了重要作用。果蝇胚胎是发育研究的范例（Akam，1987；Nusslein-Volhard，1991）以及基因组作图的范例（Ashburneret al.，1991；Hartlet al.，1992）。
Relatively few organisms serve as experimental material for biologists and one could argue that of the several millions of species of plants and animals extant today, no single organism has received more attention as an experimental organism than hasDrosophila. In the first part of this century, genetics was the most exciting and new area of biology and, stemming from its use by Morgan and colleagues,Drosophilaplayed a central role in the elucidation of genetic principles. In the middle part of the century, evolutionary genetics and the synthesis of Darwinism with Mendelism represented a major advance in biological thinking; much of the empirical work used to support this synthesis centered aroundDrosophilaas the research organism as exemplified by Dobzhansky’s work. In the latter part of the century, molecular biology and development have become premier research fields and once againDrosophilais playing a major role. TheDrosophilaembryo is serving as a paradigm for developmental studies (Akam, 1987; Nusslein-Volhard, 1991) as well as a paradigm for genome mapping (Ashburneret al., 1991; Hartlet al., 1992).