“Surface,” “satellite” or “simulation”: Mapping intra‐urban microclimate variability in a desert city
“Surface,” “satellite” or “simulation”: Mapping intra‐urban microclimate variability in a desert city
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DOI：
10.1002/joc.6385
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发表时间：
2019-11
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Bin Zhou;S. Kaplan;A. Peeters;I. Kloog;E. Erell
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bin Zhou;S. Kaplan;A. Peeters;I. Kloog;E. Erell
绘制城市微气候的时空变化图对于准确估计城市化人类日益增加的全球变暖风险至关重要。这尤其涉及干旱/半干旱地区的城市，这些地区覆盖全球五分之二的土地面积，居住着世界三分之一以上的人口。以以色列沙漠城市贝尔谢巴为研究对象，通过卫星观测、车辆穿越测量和计算机模拟等手段，研究城乡和城内温度变化的时空格局。我们的研究揭示了贝尔谢巴有一个发育良好的夜间冠层城市热岛，特别是在冬季，但在上午中旬却有一个微弱的日间冷岛。尽管卫星图像中观察到明显的城市表面冷岛，但白天近地表气温表现出微弱的城乡和城内差异（<1°C）。这种现象在其他一些沙漠城市中也有记录，其解释是日出后暴露的沙漠土壤（在没有植被或水分的情况下）表面皮肤温度迅速升高，而城市表面加热速度较慢。该研究强调了用于描述城市温度变化的三种方法之间的差异，每种方法在城市规划、减缓气候变化和流行病学研究等领域可能有不同的应用。
Mapping spatial and temporal variability of urban microclimate is pivotal for an accurate estimation of the ever‐increasing exposure of urbanized humanity to global warming. This particularly concerns cities in arid/semi‐arid regions which cover two fifths of the global land area and are home to more than one third of the world's population. Focusing on the desert city of Be'er Sheva Israel, we investigate the spatial and temporal patterns of urban–rural and intra‐urban temperature variability by means of satellite observation, vehicular traverse measurement, and computer simulation. Our study reveals a well‐developed nocturnal canopy layer urban heat island in Be'er Sheva, particularly in the winter, but a weak diurnal cool island in the mid‐morning. Near surface air temperature exhibits weak urban–rural and intra‐urban differences during the daytime (<1°C), despite pronounced urban surface cool islands observed in satellite images. This phenomenon, also recorded in some other desert cities, is explained by the rapid increase in surface skin temperature of exposed desert soils (in the absence of vegetation or moisture) after sunrise, while urban surfaces are heated more slowly. The study highlights differences among the three methods used for describing urban temperature variability, each of which may have different applications in fields such as urban planning, climate change mitigation, and epidemiological research.