The Modern State and Future Society: Gramsci’s Two Conceptions of the “Ethical State”
The Modern State and Future Society: Gramsci’s Two Conceptions of the “Ethical State”
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现代国家与未来社会：葛兰西的两种“伦理国家”观
DOI：
10.1080/10848770.2021.2001888
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Chino Takahiro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Robert J. Pekkanen;Steven R. Reed;Daniel M. Smith;矢口啓朗;Yeon Ju Lee;David Brown and Jacek Czaputowicz (eds.);明治学院大学法学部政治学科編;谷口友季子;足立香;Yeon Ju Lee;矢口 啓朗;Keita Ishino;明治学院大学法学部政治学科編;Chino Takahiro
葛兰西的“伦理国家”概念被解释为“规范社会”的同义词--一个在劳动合理化之后人人参与治理的未来社会。然而，这种阅读忽视了“整体国家”的概念，这是葛兰西关于伦理国家的另一个概念，它强调了统治阶级和被统治者之间的社会流动性。此外，根据这种阅读，教育改革是必要的，以缩小文化资本的差距，从而促进被统治者中的人才参与治理。对葛兰西的伦理国家概念的仔细考察表明，它包含了两种不同的大众民主观：整体国家意味着任何人都可以治理，而一个规范的社会则假设每个人都可以治理。即使后一种情况在我们这个时代不能被采用，它也表明--甚至比葛兰西意识到的还要多--前一种情况强调社会流动性和教育在其中的作用是现代国家的关键。
Gramsci’s concept of the “ethical state” has been interpreted as a synonym for the “regulated society”—a future society in which everybody participates in governance following the rationalization of labor. However, this reading has neglected the idea of the “integral state,” Gramsci’s other conception of the ethical state, which highlights social mobility between the ruling class and the ruled. Moreover, according to this reading, educational reform is necessary to close the gap in cultural capital, thereby promoting the talented among the ruled to participate in governance. A careful examination of Gramsci’s concept of the ethical state reveals that it contains two distinct visions for mass democracy: whereas the integral state signifies thatanybody can govern, a regulated society assumes thateverybody governs. Even if the latter scenario cannot be adopted in our times, it shows—even more than Gramsci realized—that the former scenario that stresses social mobility and the role of education in it is the crux of the modern state.