American Exceptionalism in an Age of International History
American Exceptionalism in an Age of International History
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国际历史时代的美国例外论
DOI：
10.1086/ahr/96.4.1031
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发表时间：
1991
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
I. Tyrrell
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
I. Tyrrell
在史学史学前所未有的国际化时代，民族主义和例外论的遗产仍然困扰着美国历史的研究。以德国模式为基础的民族国家的起源和发展的历史在许多国家扎根，但以民族为中心的历史传统在美国却最具弹性。在那里，强调所有民族传统的独特性的现代历史主义被嫁接到现有的例外论传统上。史前主义认为美国是历史正常模式和规律“之外”的特例，这种观念深深植根于美国的经验中。多萝西·罗斯表明，它的起源在于共和主义与千禧年传统的融合，形成了美国历史写作中突出的例外主义意识形态。在这种自由主义世界观中，美国避免了“欧洲”的阶级冲突、革命动乱和独裁政府，并向世界展示了可供其他国家效仿的自由典范。这种例外主义意识形态一直持续到二十世纪，影响了弗雷德里克·杰克逊·特纳等杰出人物，并在 20 世纪 50 年代的“共识”史学中再次浮现。 2 历史专业化的兴起粉碎了这些自信的假设
IN AN ERA OF UNPRECEDENTED INTERNATIONALIZATION in historiography, the legacies of nationalism and exceptionalism still haunt the study of American history. History conceived as the origins and growth of the nation-state on the German model took root in many countries, yet nowhere has a nation-centered historical tradition been more resilient than in the United States. There, modern historicism, with its emphasis on the uniqueness of all national traditions, was grafted onto an existing tradition of exceptionalism. The pre-historicist idea of the United States as a special case "outside" the normal patterns and laws of history runs deep in American experience. Its origins, Dorothy Ross shows, lay in the merger of the republican and millennial traditions that formed an ideology of exceptionalism prominent in American historical writing. In this liberal world view, the United States avoided the class conflicts, revolutionary upheaval, and authoritarian governments of "Europe" and presented to the world an example of liberty for others to emulate.' This exceptionalist ideology persisted into the twentieth century, influenced such luminaries as Frederick Jackson Turner, and surfaced again in "consensus" historiography in the 1950s.2 The rise of historical specialization has shattered these confident assumptions