Attention allocation is a possible mediator of cultural variations in spontaneous trait and situation inferences: Eye-tracking evidence.
Attention allocation is a possible mediator of cultural variations in spontaneous trait and situation inferences: Eye-tracking evidence.
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注意力分配是自发特质和情境推论中文化差异的可能中介：眼动追踪证据。
DOI：
10.1016/j.jesp.2021.104115
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
J. S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shimizu;Y.;& Uleman;J. S.
两项研究试图复制之前关于自发特质（STI）和情境（SSI）推断同时出现的文化差异的工作，并检查个人层面可能的调解人。这两项研究都重复了以前关于文化差异的发现。与亚裔美国人或日本参与者相比，欧洲裔美国人相对于SSI的STI更多。然而，实验1发现没有证据表明，自我报告的认知风格中介的分析整体量表（AHS），虽然预期的文化差异上的AHS确实发生。实验2发现了强有力的证据表明，在公开的视觉注意相对于编码的情况下，与眼动仪测量的演员的偏见，不预测STI相对于SSI的偏见。它还显示了预期的文化差异，在明显的视觉注意偏向相对于情况的演员。这些不同的结果应该使跨文化文献中整体认知与分析认知的角色概念更加清晰。他们还提供了第一个证据的STI和SSI内的错误识别范式可能的调解人。视觉注意的知觉和认知推理的生产中的作用进行了讨论。
Two studies sought to replicate previous work on cultural differences in the co-occurrence of spontaneous trait (STI) and situation (SSI) inferences, and to examine possible mediators at the individual level. Both studies replicated previous findings of cultural differences. European Americans made more STIs relative to SSIs than did Asian American or Japanese participants. However Experiment 1 found no evidence from the Analysis-Holism Scale (AHS) that self-reported cognitive style mediates this effect, although expected cultural differences on the AHS did occur. Experiment 2 found strong evidence that a bias in overt visual attention to actors relative to situations at encoding, measured with an eye-tracker, does predict a bias in STIs relative to SSIs. It also showed expected cultural differences in overt visual attention bias to actors relative to situations. These divergent results should sharpen conceptions of the role of holistic versus analytic cognition in the cross-cultural literature. They also provide the first evidence of possible mediators of STI and SSI within the false recognition paradigm. The role of visual attention in the production of perceptual and cognitive inferences is discussed.