Behavioral time budget and daily rhythms for wintering Mergus squamatus
Behavioral time budget and daily rhythms for wintering Mergus squamatus
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作者：
Hao Xi-lian
于2007年和2008年对江西省4条河流及其支流的中华秋沙鸭（Mergus squamatus）在越冬期的行为时间分配日节律进行了研究。结果表明，中华秋沙鸭的主要行为包括觅食、游泳、洗毛、休息、睡觉、玩耍、飞行和观察。梳理和休息有明显的节律性，而取食行为与休息相比呈相反的节律性，睡眠、飞行、玩耍和观察等行为无明显的节律性，取食行为高峰出现在上午7：00-8：00、上午10：00-11：00和下午12：00-13：00，两个摄食高峰之间的间隔时间约为2.3 h，上午摄食频率高于下午，下午睡眠和休息的频率显著高于上午，且呈波动性，睡眠和休息的低频率与三个摄食高峰相对应。喂食（46%），游泳（23%），洗羽毛（9%），休息（8%），睡觉（8%），飞行（4%），玩耍（2%），和观察（0.5%）在越冬期，大鳞厚尾轮虫主要用于取食以积累能量，取食时间与取食时间呈负相关，取食时间与取食时间呈负相关。睡眠时间（R=-0.73，df = 8，P0.05）与飞行时间呈正相关（R= 0.70，df = 8，P0.05），整理羽毛时间与休息时间呈正相关（R= 0.88，df = 8，P0.01），其他行为无显著相关关系。
We developed the study on behavioral time budget daily rhythm of Mergus squamatus in four rivers and their branches in Jiangxi province,eastern China during two wintering seasons,from November to December,January to February from in 2007 and 2008.The results indicated that the main behaviors of M.squamatus included foraging,swimming,washing feather,resting state,sleeping,playing,flying and observing.For those behaviors,foraging,swimming,preening and resting occurred with obvious rhythm,however,feeding behavior took on reverse rhythm by comparing with resting.The behaviors of sleeping,flying,playing and observing occurred without obvious rhythm.Peaks of feeding behavior took place at 7:00-8:00 A.M,10:00-11:00 A.M and 12:00-13:00 P.M.,and with an interval about 2.3 h between two peaks.The species feed more frequently in forenoon than afternoon.The frequencies of sleeping and resting in afternoon were significant higher than that in forenoon,and took on a fluctuated trait.The low frequency of sleeping and resting corresponded with three feeding peak.The time that the species spent on different types of behaviors was as follows:feeding(46%),swimming(23%),washing feather(9%),resting(8%),sleep(8%),flying(4%),playing(2%),and observing(0.5%).M.squamatus spent most time on feeding to accumulate energy during wintering period.The time that the species spent on feeding was negatively correlated with that on sleep(R=-0.73,df=8,P0.05),but positively correlated with that on flying(R=0.70,df=8,P0.05),and time spent on preening was positively correlated with that on resting(R=0.88,df=8,P0.01).No significant correlation relationships were detected for other behaviors.