Utero-placental vascular development and placental function.
Utero-placental vascular development and placental function.
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DOI：
10.2527/1995.7361839x
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发表时间：
1995-06
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
L. Reynolds;D. Redmer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
L. Reynolds;D. Redmer
胎儿生长速度和随后出生的体重是出生后存活和生长的主要决定因素。由于胎盘是呼吸气体、营养物质和废物在母体和胎儿系统之间运输的器官，它的主要功能是提供支持胎儿生长所需的代谢底物。因此，胎盘的生长发育对胎儿的正常生长发育至关重要。在哺乳动物妊娠的后半期，胎儿的生长是指数级的，而子宫-胎盘的生长则减慢或停止。然而，除非胎盘的运输能力与胎儿不断增长的需求保持同步，否则胎儿的发育将受到影响。过去20年的研究表明，胎盘运输能力确实与胎儿生长同步。胎盘功能的增加主要是由于胎盘(子宫和脐带)血流的持续增加，与胎盘血管的增加有关。反过来，胎盘血管的生长和发育可能受胎盘组织本身产生的血管生成因子的调节。这些胎盘血管生成因子主要由母体胎盘组织产生，与肝素结合，似乎与成纤维细胞生长因子家族有关。进一步阐明胎盘生长和血管发育的因素对于更好地了解子宫胎盘与胎儿的相互作用，从而产生健康的后代是至关重要的。
The rate of fetal growth and subsequent birth weight are major determinants of postnatal survival and growth. Because the placenta is the organ through which respiratory gases, nutrients, and wastes are transported between the maternal and fetal systems, its primary function is to supply the metabolic substrates necessary to support fetal growth. Placental growth and development, therefore, are critical for normal fetal growth and development. During the last half of gestation in mammals, growth of the fetus is exponential, whereas utero-placental growth slows or ceases. Nevertheless, unless placental transport capacity keeps pace with the continually increasing demands of the fetus, fetal growth will be compromised. Studies over the last two decades have shown that placental transport capacity does indeed keep pace with fetal growth. This increase in placental function can be accounted for primarily by continual increases in placental (uterine and umbilical) blood flows, associated with increased placental vascularity. Placental vascular growth and development, in turn, are probably regulated by angiogenic factors produced by the placental tissues themselves. These placental angiogenic factors are produced primarily by the maternal placental tissues, are heparin-binding, and seem to be related to the fibroblast growth factor family. Further elucidation of the factors responsible for placental growth and vascular development is critical for an improved understanding of uteroplacental-fetal interactions, which result in delivery of a healthy offspring.