Body growth and life history in wild mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei) from Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda
Body growth and life history in wild mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei) from Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda
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DOI：
10.1002/ajpa.23232
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发表时间：
2017-07-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
McFarlin, Shannon C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Galbany, Jordi;Abavandimwe, Didier;McFarlin, Shannon C.
目的：类人猿在社会生态学和生活史上表现出相当大的多样性，但对它们在自然环境中的身体发育的了解却很少。我们的特点是线性增长的野生山地大猩猩从火山国家公园，卢旺达，人口区分其极端folivory和加速的生活histors.Methods：在131个人（0.09-35.26年），我们使用非侵入性的平行激光摄影测量法测量体长，背宽，臂长和两个头部尺寸。非参数LOESS回归被用来表征横截面的距离和速度的增长曲线，男性和女性，并考虑与关键的生活史milestones.Results：性别差异变得明显之间的8.5和10.0岁。此后，女性的生长速度下降，而男性的生长速度增加，直到10.0-14.5年的各个维度。身体尺寸的增长各不相同，女性和男性达到98%的最大体长在11.7和13.1年，分别。女性达到95.3%的最大体长平均年龄在第一次分娩。新生儿是母亲的大小的31%，平均断奶年龄的大小增加了一倍。男性达到最大的身体和手臂的长度和背宽前移民，但经历了持续增长的头部dimensions.Conclusions：虽然可比数据是稀缺的，我们的研究结果提供了初步支持的预测，山地大猩猩达到最大的身体尺寸在较早的年龄相比，更食果的西部大猩猩。需要其他野生种群的数据来更好地了解比较类人猿的发育，并调查身体，行为和生殖成熟轨迹之间的联系。
Objectives: Great apes show considerable diversity in socioecology and life history, but knowledge of their physical growth in natural settings is scarce. We characterized linear body size growth in wild mountain gorillas from Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda, a population distinguished by its extreme folivory and accelerated life histories.Methods: In 131 individuals (0.09-35.26 years), we used non-invasive parallel laser photogrammetry to measure body length, back width, arm length and two head dimensions. Nonparametric LOESS regression was used to characterize cross-sectional distance and velocity growth curves for males and females, and consider links with key life history milestones.Results: Sex differences became evident between 8.5 and 10.0 years of age. Thereafter, female growth velocities declined, while males showed increased growth velocities until 10.0-14.5 years across dimensions. Body dimensions varied in growth; females and males reached 98% of maximum body length at 11.7 and 13.1 years, respectively. Females attained 95.3% of maximum body length by mean age at first birth. Neonates were 31% of maternal size, and doubled in size by mean weaning age. Males reached maximum body and arm length and back width before emigration, but experienced continued growth in head dimensions.Conclusions: While comparable data are scarce, our findings provide preliminary support for the prediction that mountain gorillas reach maximum body size at earlier ages compared to more frugivorous western gorillas. Data from other wild populations are needed to better understand comparative great ape development, and investigate links between trajectories of physical, behavioral, and reproductive maturation.