Does contextual cuing guide the deployment of attention?
Does contextual cuing guide the deployment of attention?
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DOI：
10.1037/0096-1523.33.4.816
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发表时间：
2007-08-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Wolfe, Jeremy M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kunar, Melina A.;Flusberg, Stephen;Wolfe, Jeremy M.
情境提示实验表明，当重复显示时，即使观察者没有意识到重复，寻找目标的反应时间也会随着时间的推移而减少。人们认为，显示的背景会引导人们对目标的注意力。作者通过比较标准搜索任务中引导的效果与上下文提示的效果来检验这一假设。首先，在标准搜索中，指导的改进导致搜索斜率（源自反应时间 X 设定大小函数）减小。相比之下，作者发现上下文提示中的搜索斜率并没有随着时间的推移而变得更加有效（实验 1）。其次，当指导最佳时（例如，在简单的特征搜索中），他们仍然发现了一个小但可靠的上下文提示效果（实验 2a 和 2b），这表明其他因素（例如响应选择）也有助于该效果。实验 3 通过表明当作者在响应选择过程中添加干扰时上下文提示效应消失，支持了这一假设。总体而言，数据表明指导和情境提示之间的关系较弱，并且响应选择可以解释部分效果。
Contextual cuing experiments show that when displays are repeated, reaction times to find a target decrease over time even when observers are not aware of the repetition. It has been thought that the context of the display guides attention to the target. The authors tested this hypothesis by comparing the effects of guidance in a standard search task with the effects of contextual cuing. First, in standard search, an improvement in guidance causes search slopes (derived from Reaction Time X Set Size functions) to decrease. In contrast, the authors found that search slopes in contextual cuing did not become more efficient over time (Experiment 1). Second, when guidance was optimal (e.g., in easy feature search), they still found a small but reliable contextual cuing effect (Experiments 2a and 2b), suggesting that other factors, such as response selection, contribute to the effect. Experiment 3 supported this hypothesis by showing that the contextual cuing effect disappeared when the authors added interference to the response selection process. Overall, the data suggest that the relationship between guidance and contextual cuing is weak and that response selection can account for part of the effect.