How baryonic processes affect strong lensing properties of simulated galaxy clusters
How baryonic processes affect strong lensing properties of simulated galaxy clusters
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重子过程如何影响模拟星系团的强透镜特性
DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21983.x
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
L. Tornatore
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Killedar;S. Borgani;M. Meneghetti;K. Dolag;D. Fabjan;L. Tornatore
观测到的由星系团透镜产生的大量巨弧和测量到的爱因斯坦半径为Λ冷暗物质（ΛCDM）提供了张力来源，特别是在低红移（z∼0.2）下。先前对高红移星团（z > 0.5）的宇宙学测试受到模拟样本中统计数据较少的影响，重子物理的实施可能会影响结果。我们分析了相当大的簇大小物体样本的放大模拟，Mvir > 3 × 1014 h−1 M⊙，在 z = 0.25 和 0.5 处确定，以获得一致性 ΛCDM 宇宙学。这些模拟是通过逐渐增加所考虑的物理原理来进行的。我们从仅暗物质的模拟开始，然后添加气体流体动力学，对重子过程进行不同的处理：非辐射冷却、恒星形成的辐射冷却和超新星爆炸驱动的银河风，最后包括活跃银河核（AGN）反馈的影响。我们对强透镜特性的分析是基于对巨弧形成的横截面和爱因斯坦半径的计算。我们发现，在非辐射模拟中添加气体并不会显着改变强透镜效应的预测，但气体冷却和恒星形成共同显着增加了预期巨弧和爱因斯坦半径的数量，特别是对于较低的红移星团和较低的源红移。进一步包含 AGN 反馈会降低预测的强透镜效率，使得透镜概率分布变得更接近仅包含暗物质的模拟所获得的分布。我们的结果表明，当所包含的物理过程提供了对星系团中心区域冷却的真实描述时，在模拟中包含重子物理并不能解决低红移时的弧统计问题。作为我们分析的结果，我们鼓励采用爱因斯坦半径作为强透镜效率的稳健衡量标准，并提供 ΛCDM 预测用于未来与高红移簇样本的比较。
The observed abundance of giant arcs produced by galaxy cluster lenses and the measured Einstein radii have presented a source of tension for Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM), particularly at low redshifts (z ∼ 0.2). Previous cosmological tests for high-redshift clusters (z > 0.5) have suffered from small number statistics in the simulated sample and the implementation of baryonic physics is likely to affect the outcome. We analyse zoomed-in simulations of a fairly large sample of cluster-sized objects, with Mvir > 3 × 1014 h−1 M⊙, identified at z = 0.25 and 0.5, for a concordance ΛCDM cosmology. These simulations have been carried out by incrementally increasing the physics considered. We start with dark-matter-only simulations and then add gas hydrodynamics, with different treatments of baryonic processes: non-radiative cooling, radiative cooling with star formation and galactic winds powered by supernova explosions, and finally including the effect of active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback. Our analysis of strong lensing properties is based on the computation of the cross-section for the formation of giant arcs and of the Einstein radii. We find that the addition of gas in non-radiative simulations does not change the strong lensing predictions significantly, but gas cooling and star formation together significantly increase the number of expected giant arcs and the Einstein radii, particularly for lower redshift clusters and lower source redshifts. Further inclusion of AGN feedback reduces the predicted strong lensing efficiencies such that the lensing probability distributions become closer to those obtained for simulations including only dark matter. Our results indicate that the inclusion of baryonic physics in simulations will not solve the arc-statistics problem at low redshifts, when the physical processes included provide a realistic description of cooling in the central regions of galaxy clusters. As outcomes of our analysis, we encourage the adoption of Einstein radii as a robust measure of strong lensing efficiency, and provide the ΛCDM predictions to be used for future comparisons with high-redshift cluster samples.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15227.x
发表时间：
2009-04
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
E. Puchwein;S. Hilbert
通讯作者：
E. Puchwein;S. Hilbert
DOI：
10.1088/0067-0049/199/2/25
发表时间：
2011-06
期刊：
The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
影响因子：
--
作者：
M. Postman;D. Coe;N. Benı́tez;L. Bradley;T. Broadhurst;M. Donahue;H. Ford;O. Graur;G. Graves-G.-G
通讯作者：
M. Postman;D. Coe;N. Benı́tez;L. Bradley;T. Broadhurst;M. Donahue;H. Ford;O. Graur;G. Graves-G.-G
影响因子：
8.7
作者：
Komatsu, E.;Smith, K. M.;Wright, E. L.
通讯作者：
Wright, E. L.
DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19523.x
发表时间：
2011-07
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
A. Bonafede;K. Dolag;F. Stasyszyn;G. Murante;S. Borgani
通讯作者：
A. Bonafede;K. Dolag;F. Stasyszyn;G. Murante;S. Borgani
MACS X 射线选择星系团与 RCS 光学选择星系团的透镜效率
DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.16763.x
发表时间：
2010
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Horesh;Ebeling;Seidel;Bartelmann
通讯作者：
Bartelmann