TECHNOLOGICAL PARADIGMS AND TECHNOLOGICAL TRAJECTORIES - A SUGGESTED INTERPRETATION OF THE DETERMINANTS AND DIRECTIONS OF TECHNICAL CHANGE
TECHNOLOGICAL PARADIGMS AND TECHNOLOGICAL TRAJECTORIES - A SUGGESTED INTERPRETATION OF THE DETERMINANTS AND DIRECTIONS OF TECHNICAL CHANGE
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DOI：
10.1016/0048-7333(82)90016-6
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发表时间：
1982-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
DOSI, G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
DOSI, G
“技术”的程序和性质与“科学”的程序和性质大致相似。特别是，似乎有“技术范例”（或研究方案）发挥着与“科学范例”（或研究方案）类似的作用。该模型试图同时考虑技术创新中的连续变化和不连续性。持续的变化通常与技术范式所定义的技术轨迹的沿着进展有关，而不连续性则与新范式的出现有关。对创新过程的单向解释，特别是那些假定“市场”为原动力的解释，不足以解释新技术范式的出现。后者的起源源于科学进步、经济因素、制度变量和既定技术道路上未解决的困难之间的相互作用。该模型试图建立一个充分概括的框架，解释所有这些因素，并从一系列理论上可能的技术范式中界定新技术范式的选择过程。一项技术的历史是与该技术相关的产业结构历史相关联的。一种新范式的出现往往与新的“熊彼特”公司有关，而它的建立往往也表明一个寡头垄断稳定化的过程。
The procedures and the nature of “technologies” are suggested to be broadly similar to those which characterize “science”. In particular, there appear to be “technological paradigms” (or research programmes) performing a similar role to “scientific paradigms” (or research programmes). The model tries to account for both continuous changes and discontinuities in technological innovation. Continuous changes are often related to progress along a technological trajectory defined by a technological paradigm, while discontinuities are associated with the emergence of a new paradigm. One-directional explanations of the innovative process, and in particular those assuming “the market” as the prime mover, are inadequate to explain the emergence of new technological paradigms. The origin of the latter stems from the interplay between scientific advances, economic factors, institutional variables, and unsolved difficulties on established technological paths. The model tries to establish a sufficiently general framework which accounts for all these factors and to define the process of selection of new technological paradigms among a greater set of notionally possible ones.The history of a technology is contextual to the history of the industrial structures associated with that technology. The emergence of a new paradigm is often related to new “schumpeterian” companies, while its establishment often shows also a process of oligopolistic stabilization.