Twenty-first century progress toward the global control of human hookworm infection.
Twenty-first century progress toward the global control of human hookworm infection.
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DOI：
10.1007/s11908-011-0182-z
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发表时间：
2011-06-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Cappello, Michael
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bungiro, Richard;Cappello, Michael
钩虫是一种吸血线虫，在热带和亚热带地区困扰着多达7.4亿人，亚洲和撒哈拉以南非洲的感染率尤其高。流行率、强度和病理在区域和地方两级往往有很大差异，并可能受到与疟疾等其他寄生虫感染混合感染的影响。免疫流行病学研究表明，钩虫操纵宿主的免疫反应，可能对过敏和哮喘提供一些保护。钩虫病的分子发病机制已经取得了实质性的进展，尤其是抗凝剂、蛋白水解酶抑制剂、消化酶和新的排泄/分泌蛋白。大规模化疗仍然是钩虫控制战略的支柱，尽管继续使用药物可能会导致疗效降低，并已观察到治疗失败。因此，需要有创新的方法，如接种疫苗；最近的研究已经在人类和动物模型中确定和/或评估了候选疫苗抗原。
Hookworms are bloodsucking nematodes that afflict up to 740 million persons in tropical and subtropical regions, with Asia and sub-Saharan Africa exhibiting particularly high infection rates. Prevalence, intensity, and pathology often vary considerably at both the regional and local level, and may be influenced by coinfection with other parasitic infections such as malaria. Immunoepidemiological studies suggest that hookworms manipulate the host immune response and may provide some protection from allergy and asthma. There has been substantial progress in elucidating the molecular pathogenesis of hookworm disease, with anticoagulants, protease inhibitors, digestive proteases, and novel excretory/secretory proteins being of particular interest. Mass chemotherapy remains a mainstay of hookworm control strategies, although continued use of drugs may lead to reduced efficacy and treatment failures have been observed. Consequently, a need exists for innovative approaches, such as vaccination; recent studies have identified and/or evaluated candidate vaccine antigens in human and animal models.