Platform for isolation and characterization of SARS-CoV-2 variants enables rapid characterization of Omicron in Australia.

Platform for isolation and characterization of SARS-CoV-2 variants enables rapid characterization of Omicron in Australia.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41564-022-01135-7
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发表时间:
2022-06
影响因子:
28.3
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
生物学1区
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--
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自COVID-19大流行开始以来,出现了严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2 (SARS-CoV-2)的遗传不同变体。在此期间,我们开发了一个快速平台(R-20),用于病毒分离和鉴定,使用初级残留诊断拭子。这与检疫检测和基因组学监测相结合,能够快速分离和表征2021年在澳大利亚流行的所有主要SARS-CoV-2变体。我们的平台促进了病毒变异的分离,使用鼻咽拭子快速解决变异适应度和中和抗体逃避的排名。2021年末,Omicron (B1.1.529)变体出现。利用我们的平台,我们检测并表征了SARS-CoV-2 VOC Omicron。我们发现,Omicron有效地避开了中和抗体,并具有与tmprss2无关的不同进入途径。我们的低成本平台对所有人开放,可以检测到迄今为止研究的SARS-CoV-2的所有变体,主要限制是我们的平台仍然需要适当的生物防护。为快速分离SARS-CoV-2变体而开发的平台也有助于表征变体免疫逃避和病毒适应性。该平台能够在澳大利亚首批病例的样本中快速检测到Omicron变体。
Genetically distinct variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have emerged since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Over this period, we developed a rapid platform (R-20) for viral isolation and characterization using primary remnant diagnostic swabs. This, combined with quarantine testing and genomics surveillance, enabled the rapid isolation and characterization of all major SARS-CoV-2 variants circulating in Australia in 2021. Our platform facilitated viral variant isolation, rapid resolution of variant fitness using nasopharyngeal swabs and ranking of evasion of neutralizing antibodies. In late 2021, variant of concern Omicron (B1.1.529) emerged. Using our platform, we detected and characterized SARS-CoV-2 VOC Omicron. We show that Omicron effectively evades neutralization antibodies and has a different entry route that is TMPRSS2-independent. Our low-cost platform is available to all and can detect all variants of SARS-CoV-2 studied so far, with the main limitation being that our platform still requires appropriate biocontainment. A platform developed for rapid isolation of SARS-CoV-2 variants also facilitates the characterization of variant immune evasion and viral fitness. The platform enabled rapid detection of the Omicron variant in samples of the first cases in Australia.
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