The role of polyphenols in modern nutrition.
The role of polyphenols in modern nutrition.
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DOI：
10.1111/nbu.12278
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发表时间：
2017-09
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Williamson G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Williamson G
多酚存在于植物性食品和饮料中，特别是苹果、浆果、柑橘类水果、李子、西兰花、可可、茶和咖啡等。有大量的流行病学证据表明，富含多酚的水果，蔬菜，可可和饮料的饮食可以预防心血管疾病和2型糖尿病。这些化合物的吸收和代谢已经得到了很好的描述，对于许多人来说，肠道微生物群在吸收中起着关键作用;考虑到母体化合物和结肠细菌代谢物，超过80%的剂量可以被吸收并最终在尿液中排泄。饮食中常见的多酚是黄烷醇（可可，茶，苹果，蚕豆），黄烷酮（柑橘类水果中的橙皮苷），羟基肉桂酸酯（咖啡，许多水果），黄酮醇（洋葱，苹果和茶中的槲皮素）和花青素（浆果）。许多干预研究，体外机制数据和流行病学研究支持多酚对慢性疾病发展的作用。例如，黄烷醇减少内皮功能障碍，降低血压和胆固醇，并调节能量代谢。咖啡和茶都可以通过其成分多酚的作用降低患2型糖尿病的风险。尽管进行了广泛的研究，多酚在人体内的确切作用机制尚未得到决定性的证明，但有强有力的证据表明，一些目标，如一氧化氮代谢，碳水化合物消化和氧化酶对健康有益。消费多酚作为健康的饮食成分是一致的建议，每天吃五份或更多的水果和蔬菜，但目前很难推荐什么样的“剂量”的特定多酚应该消费，以获得最大的好处。
Polyphenols are found in plant‐based foods and beverages, notably apples, berries, citrus fruit, plums, broccoli, cocoa, tea and coffee and many others. There is substantial epidemiological evidence that a diet high in polyphenol‐rich fruit, vegetables, cocoa and beverages protects against developing cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. The absorption and metabolism of these compounds have been well described and, for many, the gut microbiota play a critical role in absorption; taking into consideration the parent compound and the metabolites from colon bacteria catabolism, more than 80% of a dose can be absorbed and ultimately excreted in the urine. Common polyphenols in the diet are flavanols (cocoa, tea, apples, broad beans), flavanones (hesperidin in citrus fruit), hydroxycinnamates (coffee, many fruits), flavonols (quercetin in onions, apples and tea) and anthocyanins (berries). Many intervention studies, mechanistic in vitro data and epidemiological studies support a role for polyphenols against the development of chronic diseases. For example, flavanols decrease endothelial dysfunction, lower blood pressure and cholesterol, and modulate energy metabolism. Coffee and tea both reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, through action of their constituent polyphenols. Despite extensive research, the exact mechanisms of action of polyphenols in the human body have not been decisively proven, but there is strong evidence that some targets such as nitric oxide metabolism, carbohydrate digestion and oxidative enzymes are important for health benefits. Consumption of polyphenols as healthy dietary components is consistent with the advice to eat five or more portions of fruit and vegetables per day, but it is currently difficult to recommend what ‘doses’ of specific polyphenols should be consumed to derive maximum benefit.