Mammoth evolution in the late Middle Pleistocene: The Mammuthus trogontherii-primigenius transition in Europe

Mammoth evolution in the late Middle Pleistocene: The Mammuthus trogontherii-primigenius transition in Europe
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中更新世晚期猛犸象的演化:欧洲猛犸象-原始猛犸象的转变

DOI:
10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107693
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
4
通讯作者:
Lister A
Lister A
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Lister A

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中更新世晚期(海洋同位素阶段11-6,约425-125 ka)见证了欧洲从所谓的草原猛犸象(Mammuthus trogontherii)到长毛猛犸象(M. primigenius)的过渡。一项对来自英国和欧洲大陆40多个地方的磨牙形牙齿的测量研究,使这种转变得以详细追踪。形态趋势早在MIS 10就开始了,最终过渡到toM。在MIS 7/6边界附近,几个样本(Marsworth, Crayford, La Cotte)跨越了两个物种的形态。MIS 7的“小猛犸象”不是同质的,因为来自英国牛津郡斯坦顿哈科特的猛犸象比来自伊尔福德(英国埃塞克斯)的猛犸象更小,更先进,可能对应于它们在MIS 7中的年龄更小。与预期相反,从MIS 16到MIS 7的磨牙牙釉质变薄和片层堆积的增加似乎不是由片层数量的增加所驱动的,因为它们在此之前,片层数量也不是主要与磨牙尺寸相关。尺寸变化的适应意义尚不清楚,但它们通过对片层间距的影响来影响摩尔功能。这项研究强调了足够的样本量和度量变量的双变量分析的重要性,以考虑规模变化。讨论了该研究在分类学、生物地层学和孤岛效应方面的意义。
The late Middle Pleistocene (Marine Isotope Stages 11-6, ca. 425-125 ka) saw the transition from the so-called steppe mammoth (Mammuthus trogontherii) to the woolly mammoth (M. primigenius) in Europe. A metrical study of molariform teeth from more than 40 localities in Britain and continental Europe allows this transition to be traced in detail. The morphological trend began as early as MIS 10, with the final transition toM. primigeniusaround the MIS 7/6 boundary where several samples (Marsworth, Crayford, La Cotte) span both species' morphology. The ‘small mammoth’ of MIS 7 is not homogeneous, as those from Stanton Harcourt (Oxfordshire, UK) are smaller and more advanced than those from Ilford (Essex, UK), likely corresponding to their younger age within MIS 7. Contrary to expectation, the thinning of molar enamel and increase in lamellar packing from MIS 16 to MIS 7 appear not to have been driven by increase in lamellar number since they precede it, nor is lamellar number primarily correlated to molar size. The adaptive significance of size changes is unclear, but they affected molar function via their effects on lamellar spacing. This study underlines the importance of adequate sample sizes and bivariate analysis of metric variables to take account of size change. The implications of the study for taxonomy, biostratigraphy and the effects of insularity are discussed.
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