Evolution of ammonia and urea tolerance in Drosophila melanogaster:: resistance and cross-tolerance
Evolution of ammonia and urea tolerance in Drosophila melanogaster:: resistance and cross-tolerance
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DOI：
10.1016/s0022-1910(99)00165-1
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发表时间：
2000-05-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Mueller, LD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Borash, DJ;Pierce, VA;Mueller, LD
我们研究了黑腹果蝇种群是否可以进化出一种基于遗传的耐受性，以高水平的有毒化合物（尿素或氨）添加到其幼虫的食物培养基。我们还研究了对一种化合物的耐受性是否可以赋予对其他化合物的交叉耐受性。对选择用于氨耐受性（AX）的五个群体、选择用于尿素耐受性（UX）的五个群体和五个尿素对照（AUC）进行发育时间、活力和雌性生育力测定。这些特点进行了测量的15个人口饲养的三个幼虫的食物条件之一（平原香蕉糖蜜，0.35 M氯化铵，或0.266 M尿素）。在补充尿素的培养基上，尿素选择的种群发展最快，并表示最高的生存能力;氨选择的种群发展速度显着更快，并具有比对照更高的生存能力。同样，在氨补充的培养基上，氨选择的种群发展最快，并表示最高的生存能力;尿素选择的种群发展速度显着更快，比对照组有更高的生存能力。这表明存在对不同毒性化合物的交叉耐受性。在含尿素的食物培养基上饲养的尿素选择的雌性显示出上级的繁殖力，没有任何可观察到的交叉耐受性效应。当所有的人口饲养的食物含有0.266 M尿素，尿素选择的人口有最低水平的尿素在他们的组织。所有人口饲养的食物含有0.37 M氨或0.266 M尿素，含有更多的氨在他们的组织比人口饲养的平原食物。(C)2000爱思唯尔科技有限公司版权所有。
We examined whether populations of Drosophila melanogaster could evolve a genetically based tolerance to high levels of toxic compounds (urea or ammonia) added to their larval food medium. We also examined whether tolerance to one compound may impart cross-tolerance to other compounds. Five populations selected for ammonia tolerance (AX), five populations selected for urea tolerance (UX), and five unselected controls (AUC) were assayed for developmental time, viability, and female fertility. These characteristics were measured on each of the 15 populations reared on one of three larval food conditions (plain banana-molasses, 0.35 M NH4Cl, or 0.266 M urea). On urea-supplemented media, the urea-selected populations developed fastest and expressed the highest viability; the ammonia-selected populations developed significantly faster and had a higher viability than the controls. Similarly, on ammonia-supplemented media, the ammonia-selected populations developed fastest and expressed the highest viability; the urea-selected populations developed significantly faster and had a higher viability than the controls. This suggests that a cross-tolerance exists for resisting different toxic compounds. Urea-selected females reared on urea-containing food media displayed superior fecundity, without any observable cross-tolerance effect. When all populations were reared on food containing 0.266 M urea, the urea-selected populations had the lowest levels of urea in their tissues. All populations reared on food containing 0.37 M ammonia or 0.266 M urea, contained more ammonia in their tissues than did populations reared on plain food. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.