Cross-hemisphere migration of a 25 g songbird
Cross-hemisphere migration of a 25 g songbird
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DOI：
10.1098/rsbl.2011.1223
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发表时间：
2012-08-23
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Schmaljohann, Heiko
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bairlein, Franz;Norris, D. Ryan;Schmaljohann, Heiko
北麦耳鸟 (Oenanthe oenanthe) 是一种小型（约 25 克）食虫候鸟，是世界上分布范围最大的鸣禽之一，繁殖地从加拿大东部北极地区穿越格陵兰岛、欧亚大陆，进入阿拉斯加 (AK)。然而，没有证据表明新大陆的繁殖种群已在西半球建立了越冬地。使用光级地理定位器，我们证明了来自这些新世界地区的个体在撒哈拉以南非洲北部过冬，阿拉斯加的鸟类单程飞行约 14500 公里，加拿大东部的北极鸟类穿越了广阔的北大西洋（约 3500 公里）。这些非凡的旅程，特别是对于这种体型的鸟类来说，根据繁殖地点和季节（秋季/春季）持续一到三个月，导致平均总体迁徙速度高达 290 公里 d(-1)。对繁殖鸟类冬季生长羽毛样本的稳定氢同位素分析普遍支持这样的观点：阿拉斯加鸟类主要在东非越冬，加拿大东部北极鸟类主要在西非越冬。我们的研究结果提供了第一个证据，证明迁徙鸣禽能够将旧世界的非洲生态系统与新世界的北极地区联系起来。
The northern wheatear (Oenanthe oenanthe) is a small (approx. 25 g), insectivorous migrant with one of the largest ranges of any songbird in the world, breeding from the eastern Canadian Arctic across Greenland, Eurasia and into Alaska (AK). However, there is no evidence that breeding populations in the New World have established overwintering sites in the Western Hemisphere. Using light-level geolocators, we demonstrate that individuals from these New World regions overwinter in northern sub-Sahara Africa, with Alaskan birds travelling approximately 14500 km each way and an eastern Canadian Arctic bird crossing a wide stretch of the North Atlantic (approx. 3500 km). These remarkable journeys, particularly for a bird of this size, last between one to three months depending on breeding location and season (autumn/spring) and result in mean overall migration speeds of up to 290 km d(-1). Stable-hydrogen isotope analysis of winter-grown feathers sampled from breeding birds generally support the notion that Alaskan birds overwinter primarily in eastern Africa and eastern Canadian Arctic birds overwinter mainly in western Africa. Our results provide the first evidence of a migratory songbird capable of linking African ecosystems of the Old World with Arctic regions of the New World.