Seasonal variation in metabolic rate, flight activity and body size of Anopheles gambiae in the Sahel
Seasonal variation in metabolic rate, flight activity and body size of Anopheles gambiae in the Sahel
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DOI：
10.1242/jeb.069468
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发表时间：
2012-06-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Lehmann, Tovi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Huestis, Diana L.;Yaro, Alpha S.;Lehmann, Tovi
非洲的疟疾主要由冈比亚按蚊复合体传播。虽然在旱季期间种群持续存在的机制尚不清楚，但以旱季蚊子为目标可能为病媒控制提供机会。在萨赫勒地区，M型冈比亚按蚊似乎可能通过夏眠(进入休眠状态)生存。为了评估与旱季生存相关的生态生理变化的作用，我们在远离永久水源的萨赫勒地区和尼日尔河附近的河岸位置，测量了一年中野生捕获蚊子的身体大小、飞行活动和代谢率。我们发现，萨赫勒地区和河岸地区的个体大小都有显著的季节变化，尽管萨赫勒地区的变化幅度更大。在飞行活动方面，只在萨赫勒地区观察到明显的季节性，与旱季之前和整个旱季相比，雨季的飞行活动有所增加。整个生物体的代谢率受多种生物和非生物因素的影响，且这两个地点都存在显著的季节性因素。然而，化验温度完全解释了河岸地区的季节性，而在考虑了萨赫勒地区的所有测量变量后，仍然存在显著的季节性变化。有趣的是，我们没有发现这两个地方的平均代谢率在旱季最低，这与我们的预期相反，即蚊子会在这段时间内通过降低新陈代谢来节省能量并延长寿命。这些结果表明，除了降低代谢率外，蚊子还可能利用其他机制在萨赫勒旱季存活。
Malaria in Africa is vectored primarily by the Anopheles gambiae complex. Although the mechanisms of population persistence during the dry season are not yet known, targeting dry season mosquitoes could provide opportunities for vector control. In the Sahel, it appears likely that M-form A. gambiae survive by aestivation (entering a dormant state). To assess the role of eco-physiological changes associated with dry season survival, we measured body size, flight activity and metabolic rate of wild-caught mosquitoes throughout 1. year in a Sahelian locality, far from permanent water sources, and at a riparian location adjacent to the Niger River. We found significant seasonal variation in body size at both the Sahelian and riparian sites, although the magnitude of the variation was greater in the Sahel. For flight activity, significant seasonality was only observed in the Sahel, with increased flight activity in the wet season when compared with that just prior to and throughout the dry season. Whole-organism metabolic rate was affected by numerous biotic and abiotic factors, and a significant seasonal component was found at both locations. However, assay temperature accounted completely for seasonality at the riparian location, while significant seasonal variation remained after accounting for all measured variables in the Sahel. Interestingly, we did not find that mean metabolic rate was lowest during the dry season at either location, contrary to our expectation that mosquitoes would conserve energy and increase longevity by reducing metabolism during this time. These results indicate that mosquitoes may use mechanisms besides reduced metabolic rate to enable survival during the Sahelian dry season.