Extraocular connective tissue architecture
Extraocular connective tissue architecture
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DOI：
10.1167/3.3.5
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发表时间：
2003-01-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Rossi, EA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Miller, JM;Demer, JL;Rossi, EA
眼外肌滑车，现在众所周知是运动学上重要的眼外结构，已注意到在过去的两个世纪，并在片段中描述了几次。它们很晚才被充分认识到，因为没有眼眶的生物力学模型来推导它们的运动学结果，并且因为滑轮是胶原蛋白、弹性蛋白和平滑肌（SM）的分布凝聚物，这些凝聚物没有被清晰地描绘出来。是否还有其他重要的眼外结构有待描述？成像方法是有用的描述分布式结构，但似乎不适合评估机械性能。然而，区分组成组织的类型和密度的图像可以提供有关机械性能的强烈暗示。因此，我们已经开发了用于产生基于薄组织化学处理切片的眼外组织的三维（3D）图像的方法，其区分胶原蛋白、弹性蛋白、横纹肌和SM。整体组织扭曲所造成的嵌入切片，薄切片和随后的组织学处理所造成的个别切片失真进行了纠正有序的图像翘曲与内在fiducies.We描述了一个眼外结构，部分包括在洛克伍德的韧带，其中包含致密的弹性蛋白和SM带，并可能完善水平眼对齐的功能，垂直凝视，并在向下凝视扭转。因此，这种活跃的结构可能是斜视的一个因素和治疗干预的目标。
Extraocular muscle pulleys, now well known to be kinematically significant extraocular structures, have been noted in passing and described in fragments several times over the past two centuries. They were late to be fully appreciated because biomechanical modeling of the orbit was not available to derive their kinematic consequences, and because pulleys are distributed condensations of collagen, elastin and smooth muscle (SM) that are not sharply delineated. Might other mechanically significant distributed extraocular structures still be awaiting description?An imaging approach is useful for describing distributed structures, but does not seem suitable for assessing mechanical properties. However, an image that distinguished types and densities of constituent tissues could give strong hints about mechanical properties. Thus, we have developed methods for producing three dimensional (3D) images of extraocular tissues based on thin histochemically processed slices, which distinguish collagen, elastin, striated muscle and SM. Overall tissue distortions caused by embedding for sectioning, and individual-slice distortions caused by thin sectioning and subsequent histologic processing were corrected by ordered image warping with intrinsic fiducials.We describe an extraocular structure, partly included in Lockwood's ligament, which contains dense elastin and SM bands, and which might refine horizontal eye alignment as a function of vertical gaze, and torsion in down-gaze. This active structure might therefore be a factor in strabismus and a target of therapeutic intervention.