Aging and visual short-term memory: effects of object type and information load.
Aging and visual short-term memory: effects of object type and information load.
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衰老和视觉短期记忆：物体类型和信息负载的影响。
DOI：
10.1080/13825580903009063
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hartman,Marilyn
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Vaughan,Leslie;Hartman,Marilyn
以前的研究已经观察到，短期记忆（STM）的年龄差异的大小取决于要记住的材料的类型，但尚未确定这种模式背后的机制。本研究以视觉短时记忆为研究对象，考察了信息负荷对两类短时记忆的贡献，即有意义的和抽象的刺激。结果表明，较高的信息负荷和较低的STM抽象对象。在视觉搜索中，抽象对象的年龄差异大于有意义的对象，但在STM中则不然。然而，老年人表现出减少的能力，在视觉STM有意义的对象。此外，为了支持Salthouse的加工速度理论，控制搜索速率消除了与对象类型和年龄有关的STM的所有差异。研究结果的整体模式表明，STM的视觉对象是依赖于加工速率，无论年龄或对象类型。
Previous research has observed that the size of age differences in short-term memory (STM) depends on the type of material to be remembered, but has not identified the mechanism underlying this pattern. The current study focused on visual STM and examined the contribution of information load, as estimated by the rate of visual search, to STM for two types of stimuli – meaningful and abstract objects. Results demonstrated higher information load and lower STM for abstract objects. Age differences were greater for abstract than meaningful objects in visual search, but not in STM. Nevertheless, older adults demonstrated a decreased capacity in visual STM for meaningful objects. Furthermore, in support of Salthouse's processing speed theory, controlling for search rates eliminated all differences in STM related to object type and age. The overall pattern of findings suggests that STM for visual objects is dependent upon processing rate, regardless of age or object type.