Summary
Summary
复制标题
DOI：
10.1177/0284185175016s34510
复制
发表时间：
1940-05
期刊：
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
Štěpán Podzimek;Univerzita Pardubice
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Štěpán Podzimek;Univerzita Pardubice
如果对一项罪行有必要进行预防性拘留，如果个人或物质的总体安全需要采取这种措施，如果这种措施符合所涉青年未来发展的最佳利益，则法院将执行拘留措施“机构安置令"。在考虑采取预防性司法措施时，必须考虑到该措施是否对适当对待青少年是必要的或有益于青少年的成长，以及犯罪行为是否有很高的累犯风险。法院必须征求至少两名法医专家（精神病学家和心理学家）的意见，他们对青年进行了审前法医心理健康评估（“支持正义”评估）。由此产生的报告需要支持法院的裁决，并将成为处理的起点或参考点。保护人权报告的质量受到了批评：有时可能要很长时间才能收到报告，有时报告结论的适用性值得怀疑（Ministerie货车Justitie，2006年; RSJ，2006年; PvdA，2006年; Volf，2006年）。在许多情况下，尚不清楚专家是否考虑了PIJ措施建议的足够替代方案，有时建议不适当的治疗（Duits，2006）。Duits等人（2005年）表明，在相当多的情况下，对累犯风险的评估是基于临床判断，而不是基于经验证的工具，并且在报告中没有提供足够的佐证。此外，从2001年到2005年，PIJ的建议和定罪数量似乎在波动。原因尚不清楚：这是必要的还是正当的？这是由司法部门的观点转变造成的，还是由其他因素引起的？PIJ措施的三个正式或法律的理由为解释上的差异留下了很大的空间，可能是PIJ措施更经常地实施，因为缺乏替代措施或受到监督，例如对成年人的拘留措施或对无法治疗的案件的少年拘留。海牙区的研究显示，当建议是有条件的PIJ措施时，建议措施与最终定罪之间的一致性相对降低（Ten Berge & Duits，2008）。此外，尚不清楚有条件PIJ指标转化为无条件PIJ指标的频率，也不知道在有条件PIJ指标的情况下干预措施的实施情况如何。因此，这项研究的目的是在无条件和有条件的PIJ措施的建议，判刑和执行的作用，projectia报告。需要对支持正义的报告的质量和有用性以及其中的意见或建议的质量有明确的看法。本研究旨在做到这一点。
Introduction The custodial measure ‘institutional placement order’ (Plaatsing in een Inrichting voor Jeugdigen; PIJ measure) will be administered by the court if for a crime a precautionary detention is warranted, if the general safety of individuals or materials requires such a measure, and if the measure is in the best interest of the future development of the youth involved. Upon considering the administration of the PIJ measure, it is important to take into account whether or not the measure will be necessary for a proper treatment or beneficial to the upbringing of the youth, and whether there is a high risk of recidivism in criminal behaviour. The court is required to obtain advice from at least two forensic experts (psychiatrist and psychologist) who have made a pre-trial forensic mental health evaluation (‘pro Justitia’ evaluation) of the youth. The resulting report needs to lend support to the decision of the court and will be a starting or reference point for treatment. The quality of the pro justitia report has been criticized: sometimes for the long time it may take before it is on hand and sometimes for the questionable applicability of the report’s conclusion (Ministerie van Justitie, 2006; RSJ, 2006; PvdA, 2006; Volf, 2006). In many cases it remains unclear whether sufficient alternatives for a PIJ measure recommendation have been considered by the expert and sometimes inappropriate treatments are advised (Duits, 2006). Duits et al (2005) showed that in a considerable number of cases the assessment of risk of recidivism was based on clinical judgement rather than on a validated instrument and was presented without sufficient corroboration in the report Furthermore, from 2001 till 2005 the number of PIJ recommendations and convictions seems to be fluctuating. It is unclear why: Is this necessary or warranted? Is it caused by a shift in vision held by the judiciary or motivated by other factors? The three formal or legal grounds for the PIJ measure leave ample room for differences in interpretation and it could be that PIJ measures are more frequently administered because alternative measures are lacking or overseen, such as a custodial measure for adults (TBS) or juvenile detention for untreatable cases. Research in the arrondissement of The Hague revealed a relative diminished concordance between the recommended measure and the eventual conviction when the recommendation was a conditional PIJ measure (Ten Berge & Duits, 2008). In addition, it is unknown how frequently a conditional PIJ measures is transformed into an unconditional PIJ measure and little is known about how well interventions are carried out in case of a conditional PIJ measure. It is therefore that this research is aimed on the role of the pro justitia report in the recommendation, sentencing and execution of the unconditional and conditional PIJ-measure. A clear view is needed regarding the quality and usefulness of the pro Justitia report as well as the quality of the advice or recommendation therein. This study aims to do so.