Host genetics determine susceptibility to avian influenza infection and transmission dynamics.
Host genetics determine susceptibility to avian influenza infection and transmission dynamics.
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DOI：
10.1038/srep26787
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发表时间：
2016-06-09
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Butter C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ruiz-Hernandez R;Mwangi W;Peroval M;Sadeyen JR;Ascough S;Balkissoon D;Staines K;Boyd A;McCauley J;Smith A;Butter C
流感病毒感染的宿主遗传控制一直是很少关注的对象。在这项研究中，我们确定了两个近交系的鸡不同的遗传背景，线0和C-B12，分别是相对抵抗和易感感染低致病性流感病毒A/土耳其/英格兰/647/77定义的病毒脱落轨迹的实质性差异。耐药禽类虽然感染，但无法将病毒传播给接触禽类，因为最终只有持续泄殖腔脱落（而不是口咽脱落）的存在才是传播的关键。在抗性品系中发生了禽内病毒传播的限制，鼻孔内或泄殖腔感染仅导致局部脱落，不能完全通过胃肠道-肺道传播。对感染的抵抗不依赖于获得性免疫应答，包括特异性IFNγ分泌细胞的扩增或流感特异性抗体的产生。对一种新型H9 N2病毒的遗传抗性不太强，尽管宿主基因型之间的显著差异仍然很明显。宿主遗传决定流感感染结果的存在为进一步剖析这种调节以及理解禽流感在禽内和禽间传播的机制提供了工具。
Host-genetic control of influenza virus infection has been the object of little attention. In this study we determined that two inbred lines of chicken differing in their genetic background , Lines 0 and C-B12, were respectively relatively resistant and susceptible to infection with the low pathogenicity influenza virus A/Turkey/England/647/77 as defined by substantial differences in viral shedding trajectories. Resistant birds, although infected, were unable to transmit virus to contact birds, as ultimately only the presence of a sustained cloacal shedding (and not oropharyngeal shedding) was critical for transmission. Restriction of within-bird transmission of virus occurred in the resistant line, with intra-nares or cloacal infection resulting in only local shedding and failing to transmit fully through the gastro-intestinal-pulmonary tract. Resistance to infection was independent of adaptive immune responses, including the expansion of specific IFNγ secreting cells or production of influenza-specific antibody. Genetic resistance to a novel H9N2 virus was less robust, though significant differences between host genotypes were still clearly evident. The existence of host-genetic determination of the outcome of influenza infection offers tools for the further dissection of this regulation and also for understanding the mechanisms of influenza transmission within and between birds.