A Database of Wing Diversity in the Hawaiian Drosophila
A Database of Wing Diversity in the Hawaiian Drosophila
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0000487
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发表时间：
2007-05-30
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Yamamoto, Daisuke
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Edwards, Kevin A.;Doescher, Linden T.;Yamamoto, Daisuke
背景。在果蝇属中，夏威夷特有物种提供了一些形态和行为进化最引人注目的例子。果蝇 grimshawi 基因组序列的出现使得可以从数百种夏威夷果蝇中轻松克隆感兴趣的基因，为定义物种进化的分子机制提供了一种强大的比较方法。此过程的关键步骤是调查夏威夷果蝇，寻找其变异与特定候选基因相关的特征。翅膀为此类研究提供了一个有吸引力的目标：翅膀本质上是二维的，控制翅膀形状、静脉规格、色素产生和色素图案进化的基因都已在果蝇中被发现。方法/主要发现。我们提供了一个照片数据库，其中包含来自 73 种夏威夷果蝇的 180 多个已安装的成年翅膀。 FlyBase.org 上提供的图像集包括 112 种已知的“图翼”果蝇物种中的 53 种，以及来自夏威夷其他主要类群的几种物种，包括改良口器、改良跗节、antocerus 和 haleakalae（真菌饲养者）类群。直接图像比较表明，即使在密切相关的物种之间也可能发生主要的翅膀形状变化，并且色素图案元素可以相互独立地变化。与 grimshawi 最接近的 30 个物种，通过改变七个翅斑的基本图案来实现不同的视觉效果。结论/意义该数据库强调了夏威夷果蝇的大小、形状、脉络和色素沉着的显着变化，尽管在几个独立的谱系中，高度复杂的图案源自这些谱系。提供了一个有前途的模型系统来研究复杂性的演变。
Background. Within genus Drosophila, the endemic Hawaiian species offer some of the most dramatic examples of morphological and behavioral evolution. The advent of the Drosophila grimshawi genome sequence permits genes of interest to be readily cloned from any of the hundreds of species of Hawaiian Drosophila, offering a powerful comparative approach to defining molecular mechanisms of species evolution. A key step in this process is to survey the Hawaiian flies for characters whose variation can be associated with specific candidate genes. The wings provide an attractive target for such studies: Wings are essentially two dimensional, and genes controlling wing shape, vein specification, pigment production, and pigment pattern evolution have all been identified in Drosophila. Methodology/Principal Findings. We present a photographic database of over 180 mounted, adult wings from 73 species of Hawaiian Drosophila. The image collection, available at FlyBase.org, includes 53 of the 112 known species of "picture wing'' Drosophila, and several species from each of the other major Hawaiian groups, including the modified mouthparts, modified tarsus, antopocerus, and haleakalae (fungus feeder) groups. Direct image comparisons show that major wing shape changes can occur even between closely related species, and that pigment pattern elements can vary independently of each other. Among the 30 species closest to grimshawi, diverse visual effects are achieved by altering a basic pattern of seven wing spots. Finally, we document major pattern variations within species, which appear to result from reduced diffusion of pigment precursors through the wing blade. Conclusions/Significance. The database highlights the striking variation in size, shape, venation, and pigmentation in Hawaiian Drosophila, despite their generally low levels of DNA sequence divergence. In several independent lineages, highly complex patterns are derived from simple ones. These lineages offer a promising model system to study the evolution of complexity.