Evaluation of a thyroid nodule.

Evaluation of a thyroid nodule.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.otc.2010.01.002
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发表时间:
2010-04
影响因子:
1.7
通讯作者:
Ferris, Robert L.
Ferris, Robert L.
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Bomeli, Steven R.;LeBeau, Shane O.;Ferris, Robert L.

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甲状腺专家经常评估甲状腺结节,因为它们可能代表恶性肿瘤。结节通常在体检时发现,或在进行其他影像学检查时偶然发现。压迫附近结构的恶性或有症状的结节需要手术切除。然而,大多数甲状腺结节是无症状和良性的,因此甲状腺外科医生必须依靠诊断研究来确定何时需要手术。超声是甲状腺结节首选的成像方式,超声引导下细针穿刺活检(FNAB)是首选的组织取样方法。1厘米或更大的结节,或有可疑超声表现的结节,需要细胞学分析以更好地量化恶性肿瘤的风险。分子生物标志物是细胞学的有力辅助,因为术前检测恶性肿瘤可以在一次手术中进行全甲状腺切除术,而不需要冷冻切片,如果在最初的甲状腺叶切除术中发现恶性肿瘤,也不需要第二次手术来完成甲状腺切除术。
The thyroid specialist frequently evaluates thyroid nodules because they may represent malignancy. Nodules are typically found on physical exam or incidentally when other imaging studies are performed. Malignant or symptomatic nodules that compress nearby structures warrant surgical excision. Yet, the majority of thyroid nodules are asymptomatic and benign, so the thyroid surgeon must rely on diagnostic studies to determine when surgery is indicated. Ultrasound is the preferred imaging modality for thyroid nodules, and the ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is the preferred method of tissue sampling. Nodules one centimeter or larger, or nodules with suspicious sonographic appearance warrant cytologic analysis to better quantify the risk of malignancy. Molecular biomarkers are a powerful adjunct to cytology, as detecting malignancy pre-operatively allows total thyroidectomy in a single operation without the need for frozen section or a second operation for completion thyroidectomy if malignancy is found during the initial thyroid lobectomy.
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