Biochemical Analysis of Female Mice Urine with Reference to Endocrine Function: A Key Tool for Estrus Detection
Biochemical Analysis of Female Mice Urine with Reference to Endocrine Function: A Key Tool for Estrus Detection
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DOI：
10.2108/zsj.28.600
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发表时间：
2011-08-01
影响因子：
0.9
通讯作者：
Kannan, Soundarapandian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Achiraman, Shanmugam;Archunan, Govindaraju;Kannan, Soundarapandian
通过尿液、汗液、唾液和粪便释放的物种特异性化学信号参与动物之间的交流。尿生化成分沿着信息素可能有助于生殖周期的变化，并有助于发情检测。因此，本研究的目的是分析这些生化概况，如蛋白质，碳水化合物，脂质，脂肪酸，响应类固醇激素，如雌二醇和孕酮。实验组为正常组、青春期前组、卵巢切除组和卵巢切除雌激素治疗组。正常小鼠在发情前期和发情期尿中蛋白质和脂质含量显著升高，发情期尿中脂肪酸含量也相对较高。此外，某些脂肪酸，即十三烷酸、棕榈酸和油酸，在发情前期和发情期存在，但在卵巢切除小鼠中完全不存在。然而，碳水化合物水平在整个发情周期的四个阶段中保持不变。对于成功的沟通，更高浓度的蛋白质和特定的脂肪酸在发情直接参与。动情期雌二醇和动情后期孕酮的显著增加似乎在生化成分的表达模式中具有更大的重要性，并可能在动情周期调节中发挥显著作用。因此，我们的结论是，观察到的生化成分的浓度的变化取决于生殖周期的阶段，以及动物的激素状态。在发情期出现的蛋白质和特定的脂肪酸提出了可能性，使用这些作为发情检测尿指标。
Species-specific chemical signals released through urine, sweat, saliva and feces are involved in communication between animals. Urinary biochemical constituents along with pheromones may contribute to variation across reproductive cycles and facilitate to estrus detection. Hence, the present study was designed to analyze such biochemical profiles, such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, fatty acids, in response with steroid hormones such as estradiol and progesterone. The experimental groups were normal, prepubertal, ovariectomized, and ovariectomized with estrogen-treated female mice. In normal mice, the protein and lipid concentrations in urine were significantly higher in proestrus and estrus phases and the quantity of fatty acids was also comparatively higher in estrus. Furthermore, certain fatty acids, namely tridecanoic, palmitic and oleic acids, were present during proestrus and estrus phases, but were exclusively absent in ovariectomized mice. However, the carbohydrate level was equally maintained throughout the four phases of estrous cycle. For successful communication, higher concentrations of protein and specific fatty acids in estrus are directly involved. The significant increase in estradiol at estrus and progesterone at metestrus seems to be of greater importance in the expression pattern of biochemical constituents and may play a notable role in estrous cycle regulation. Thus, we conclude that the variations observed in the concentration of the biochemical constituents depend on the phase of the reproductive cycle as well as hormonal status of animals. The appearance of protein and specific fatty acids during estrus phase raises the possibility to use these as a urinary indicators for estrus detection.