The surfactant system and lung phospholipid biochemistry.
The surfactant system and lung phospholipid biochemistry.
复制标题
表面活性剂系统和肺磷脂生物化学。
DOI：
10.1164/arrd.1985.131.3.439
复制
发表时间：
1985
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Rooney,SA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rooney,SA
纳米表面活性剂是一种复杂的材料，主要由磷脂组成，但也含有特定的蛋白质（1）。二棕榈酰磷脂酰胆碱是主要的磷脂成分，也是主要负责表面活性的成分（1）。涉及表面活性剂系统缺陷的主要临床病症是新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征（RDS），其是由于肺不成熟导致表面活性剂不足。表面活性剂缺乏也可能是某些成人肺部疾病的一个促成因素。本文的目的是回顾肺和表面活性剂磷脂生物化学的最新进展，重点是磷脂合成的机制和控制，新生儿肺的发育变化，以及激素和其他生理因子对表面活性剂合成和分泌的影响。由于表面活性剂的文献在过去几年中如雨后春笋般涌现，因此主题和引用文献的选择必然是有选择性的，并反映了作者的偏见。这些页（2，3）中的先前最新技术水平文章可查阅更完整的表面活性剂生物化学旧文献。其他最近的综述从各种不同的角度研究了表面活性物质和肺发育（4-10）。实验方法在肺表面活性物质的生化研究中必须考虑两个主要的困难。首先，虽然表面活性剂在功能上可以被描述为降低气水界面表面张力的材料，但很难在化学上定义。细胞外表面活性剂很容易通过支气管肺泡灌洗获得。在通过短暂的低速离心除去细胞材料后，可以通过在13，000 x g下离心1 h使表面活性剂富集的材料沉淀（11），并且可以通过密度梯度离心进一步纯化（12）。
AM REV RESPIR DIS 1985; 131: 439-460 nary surfactant is a complex material that consists mainly of phospholipids but also contains specific proteins (1). Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine is the major phospholipid component and the one largely responsible for the surface activity (1). The major clinical condition involving a defect in the surfactant system is respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of the newborn, which is due to lung immaturity with consequent insufficient surfactant. Surfactant deficiency may also be a contributory factor in certain adult lung diseases. The objective of this article is to review recent developments in lung and surfactant phospholipid biochemistry, with emphasis on mechanisms and control of phospholipid synthesis, developmental changes in the neonatal lung, and the influence of hormones and other physiologic agents on surfactant synthesis and secretion. Because the surfactant literature has mushroomed in the past several years, the choice of topics and literature cited is of necessity selective and reflective of the author's bias. Previous STATE OF THE ART articles in these pages (2, 3) may be consulted for more complete coverage of the older literature on surfactant biochemistry. Other recent reviews examine surfactant and lung development from a variety of different perspectives (4-10).Experimental Approach Two major difficulties must be considered in biochemical studies on lung surfactant. First, although surfactant can be described functionally as material that lowers surface tension at an airaqueous interface, it is difficult to define chemically. Extracellular surfactant is readily obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage. After removal of cellular material by brief low-speed centrifugation, the surfactant-enriched material can be pelleted by centrifugation at 13,000 x g for 1 h (11) and may be further purified by density gradient centrifugation (12).