Toward a More Workable Philippine Party-List System: Addressing Problems of Sectoral and Proportional Representation
Toward a More Workable Philippine Party-List System: Addressing Problems of Sectoral and Proportional Representation
复制标题
建立更可行的菲律宾政党名单制度：解决部门代表制和比例代表制问题
DOI：
10.1080/01154451.2013.789164
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Masataka Kimura
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
小嶋華津子;Kazuko Kojima;小嶋華津子;小嶋華津子;小嶋華津子;木村昌孝;木村昌孝;Masataka Kimura;土倉莞爾;木村昌孝;土倉莞爾;伊藤修一郎;木村昌孝;伊藤修一郎;金井利之;土倉莞爾;金井利之;Masataka Kimura
在过去的几十年里，世界各地都进行了重大的选举制度改革。目前的趋势是朝着更均衡的方向发展，要么在多数制中加入比例代表制的成分，要么用名单比例代表制完全取代旧的制度。菲律宾也在1998年引入了政党名单制度，以填补20%的国会席位，其余80%的席位以多数制竞争。然而，它的目的不是要达到相称性，而是要让被边缘化和代表性不足的部门在国会中有发言权。它对一个政党可以获得的席位数量规定了三个上限，这在其他地方很难找到，以及2%的门槛。本文回顾了从1986年宪法委员会到2010年国会选举的这段时间，讨论了菲律宾政党名单制度的起源，将其与其他选举制度进行了比较，并研究了它迄今为止是如何运作的，并提出了许多随之而来的问题。文章最后提出了对现行制度的一些改革建议，其核心是建立一个开放参与的制度，并结合一个基于最高平均值法的席位分配公式，严格门槛，放宽席位上限。拟议的制度将包括一项内在的保障措施，以防止传统势力的支配，尽管它具有开放性，并在边缘化和代表性不足的群体的代表性的不同要求与相称性之间取得最佳平衡。
In the last couple of decades, significant electoral system reforms have taken place all over the world. The trend is in the direction of more proportionality, either by adding an element of proportional representation to a plurality system or by completely replacing their old system with List Proportional Representation (PR). The Philippines also introduced a party-list system in 1998 to fill 20% of the congressional seats, the remaining 80% being contested in a plurality system. Rather than to attain proportionality, however, its purpose is to give the marginalized and the underrepresented sectors a voice in the congress. It has a ceiling of three on the number of seats a single party can get, which is difficult to find elsewhere, as well as a threshold of 2%. Reviewing the period from the 1986 Constitutional Commission to the 2010 congressional elections, this paper discusses the origins of the Philippine party-list system, compares it with other electoral systems and examines how it has worked so far given many attendant issues and problems. The paper ends with some proposals to reform the current system.A system of open participation combined with a seat allocation formula based on a highest average method with a stricter threshold and a relaxed seat cap will be the core of the proposal. The proposed system will include a built-in safeguard against domination by the traditional forces in spite of its open character, and strikes the optimum balance between the different requirements of representation of the marginalized and the underrepresented on the one hand and proportionality on the other.