Comparing Crowdsourced Near-Miss and Collision Cycling Data and Official Bike Safety Reporting
Comparing Crowdsourced Near-Miss and Collision Cycling Data and Official Bike Safety Reporting
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比较众包的未遂事故和碰撞骑行数据与官方自行车安全报告
DOI：
10.3141/2662-01
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
M. Winters
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Michael Branion;T. Nelson;M. Winters
官方来源的自行车安全数据存在漏报和偏见。众包安全数据有可能补充官方来源，并提供关于未遂事故的新数据。BikeMaps.org是一个全球性的在线地图工具，使骑自行车的人能够记录他们经历的险些相撞和碰撞的位置和细节。然而，人们对如何比较险些相撞事件和碰撞事件的特征知之甚少。此外，问题仍然是众包碰撞数据的特征是否与官方保险报告所捕获的碰撞数据的特征相似。本研究的目标有两个方面：（a）评估向BikeMaps.org报告的未遂事故和碰撞的相似性和差异;（B）评估向BikeMaps.org和官方保险数据集报告的碰撞的相似性和差异。首先使用逻辑回归来模拟众包的接近事故报告的几率，而不是碰撞报告，然后模拟众包的几率，而不是官方的保险碰撞报告，作为事件情况的函数。结果表明，在通勤旅行、与机动车的互动以及没有自行车专用设施的地点，众包的近距离碰撞报告的几率高于众包的碰撞报告。此外，相对于保险报告，众包碰撞报告与交通高峰时间，非交叉口位置和自行车设施存在的位置相关。这些分析表明，众包碰撞数据有可能填补向官方碰撞来源提交的报告中的空白，而众包险些相撞报告可能受到对风险的看法的影响。
Official sources of cyclist safety data suffer from underreporting and bias. Crowdsourced safety data have the potential to supplement official sources and to provide new data on near-miss incidents. BikeMaps.org is a global online mapping tool that allows cyclists to record the location and details of near misses and collisions they experience. However, little is known about how the characteristics of near-miss and collision events compare. Further, the question remains whether the characteristics of crowdsourced collision data are similar to those of collision data captured by official insurance reports. The objectives of this study were twofold: (a) to assess similarities and differences in near misses and collisions reported to BikeMaps.org and (b) to assess similarities and differences in collisions reported to BikeMaps.org and to an official insurance data set. Logistic regression was used first to model the odds of crowdsourced near-miss reports as opposed to collision reports and then to model the odds of crowdsourced as opposed to official insurance collision reports, as a function of incident circumstances. The results indicated higher odds of crowdsourced reports of near misses than of crowdsourced collision reports for commute trips, interactions with motor vehicles, and in locations without bicycle-specific facilities. In addition, relative to insurance reports, crowdsourced collision reports were associated with peak traffic hours, nonintersection locations, and locations where bicycle facilities were present. These analyses indicated that crowdsourced collision data have potential to fill in gaps in reports to official collision sources and that crowdsourced near-miss reporting may be influenced by perceptions of risk.
DOI：
10.1016/j.tra.2016.04.016
发表时间：
2016-08-01
影响因子：
6.4
作者：
Aldred, Rachel
通讯作者：
Aldred, Rachel