CON-quest
CON-quest
复制标题
DOI：
10.1051/0004-6361/202039291
复制
发表时间：
2021-02
影响因子：
6.5
通讯作者：
N. Falstad;S. Aalto;S. König;K. Onishi;S. Muller;M. Gorski;M. Sato;F. Stanley;F. Combes;E. Gonz'alez-Alfonso;J. Mangum;A. Evans;L. Barcos-Muñoz;G. Privon;S. Linden;T. Díaz-Santos;S. Mart'in;K. Sakamoto;N. Harada;G. Fuller;J. Gallagher;P. P. van der Werf-P.;S. Viti;T. Greve;S. Garc'ia-Burillo;C. Henkel;M. Imanishi;T. Izumi;Y. Nishimura;C. Ricci;S. Mühle
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
N. Falstad;S. Aalto;S. König;K. Onishi;S. Muller;M. Gorski;M. Sato;F. Stanley;F. Combes;E. Gonz'alez-Alfonso;J. Mangum;A. Evans;L. Barcos-Muñoz;G. Privon;S. Linden;T. Díaz-Santos;S. Mart'in;K. Sakamoto;N. Harada;G. Fuller;J. Gallagher;P. P. van der Werf-P.;S. Viti;T. Greve;S. Garc'ia-Burillo;C. Henkel;M. Imanishi;T. Izumi;Y. Nishimura;C. Ricci;S. Mühle
上下文一些明亮和超明亮的红外星系（LIRGs和ULIRGs）拥有非常紧凑的（在J = 3-2跃迁中为r 1 L pc−2）。然而，尚未对CON进行系统检索，也不知道它们的常见程度。目标。我们的目标是确定CON在本地宇宙（z < 0.08）中的常见程度，以及它们的流行程度是否取决于宿主星系的光度或其他属性。方法.我们利用阿塔卡马大型毫米/亚毫米阵列（阿尔马）对46个远红外发光星系的有限体积样本中的HCN-vib的转动J = 3-2跃迁进行了观测。结果在38+18 −13%的ULIRGs、21 + 12 − 6%的LIRGs和0 + 9 −0%的低光度星系中发现了致密的暗核。我们发现与宿主星系的倾角无关，但强有力的证据表明，与样本的其余部分相比，CON中的IRAS 25至60 μm通量密度比（f25/ f60）较低（除了一个星系，NGC 4418）。此外，我们还发现CONs具有较强的硅酸盐特征（s9.7μm），但多环芳烃当量宽度（EQW6.2μm）与其它星系相似。除了在大多数CON中的远红外线中看到的分子流入的特征之外，亚毫米观测还揭示了紧凑的，通常是准直的流出。结论.在本机宇宙中，CON主要存在于（U）LIRG中，它们在其中非常常见。由于这些系统通常受到高度干扰，倾角难以估计，需要对单个核进行高分辨率连续观测，以确定CON现象是否与核盘的倾角有关。还应进一步研究CON的流入和流出特性，以调查这些是如何相互连接的CON现象。CON中较低的f25/ f60比值以及中红外诊断研究（EQW6.2μm和s9.7μm）的结果与大型尘埃柱逐渐将辐射从热核转移到更长波长的概念一致，使中红外和远红外“光球”比内部区域显着更冷。最后，为了评估CON在星系演化背景下的重要性，有必要将这项研究扩展到更高的红移，其中（U）LIRG更常见。
Context. Some luminous and ultraluminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs and ULIRGs) host extremely compact (r 1 L pc−2 in the J = 3–2 transition). However, there have been no systematic searches for CONs, and it is unknown how common they are. Aims. We aim to establish how common CONs are in the local Universe (z < 0.08), and whether their prevalence depends on the luminosity or other properties of the host galaxy. Methods. We have conducted an Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) survey of the rotational J = 3–2 transition of HCN-vib in a volume-limited sample of 46 far-infrared luminous galaxies. Results. Compact obscured nuclei are identified in 38+18 −13% of the ULIRGs, 21 +12 −6 % of the LIRGs, and 0 +9 −0% of the lower luminosity galaxies. We find no dependence on the inclination of the host galaxy, but strong evidence of lower IRAS 25 to 60 μm flux density ratios ( f25/ f60) in CONs (with the exception of one galaxy, NGC 4418) compared to the rest of the sample. Furthermore, we find that CONs have stronger silicate features (s9.7μm) but similar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon equivalent widths (EQW6.2μm) compared to other galaxies. Besides signatures of molecular inflows seen in the far infrared in most CONs, submillimeter observations also reveal compact, often collimated, outflows. Conclusions. In the local Universe, CONs are primarily found in (U)LIRGs, in which they are remarkably common. As such systems are often highly disturbed, inclinations are difficult to estimate, and high resolution continuum observations of the individual nuclei are required to determine if the CON phenomenon is related to the inclinations of the nuclear disks. Further studies of the inand outflow properties of CONs should also be conducted in order to investigate how these are connected to each other and to the CON phenomenon. The lower f25/ f60 ratios in CONs as well as the results for the mid-infrared diagnostics investigated (EQW6.2μm and s9.7μm) are consistent with the notion that large dust columns gradually shift the radiation from the hot nucleus to longer wavelengths, making the midand far-infrared “photospheres” significantly cooler than the interior regions. Finally, to assess the importance of CONs in the context of galaxy evolution, it is necessary to extend this study to higher redshifts where (U)LIRGs are more common.