Tissue Specificity and Sex-Specific Regulatory Variation Permit the Evolution of Sex-Biased Gene Expression
Tissue Specificity and Sex-Specific Regulatory Variation Permit the Evolution of Sex-Biased Gene Expression
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DOI：
10.1086/687526
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发表时间：
2016-09-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Mank, Judith E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dean, Rebecca;Mank, Judith E.
男性和女性之间的遗传相关性通常被认为限制了两性异形的进化。然而，性二态性状和潜在的性二态基因表达模式往往是迅速演变的。我们通过测量男性和女性（C-MF）之间的基因表达的遗传相关性，在广泛的进化时间尺度上，使用两个RNA测序数据集跨越多个种群和多个物种来探索这一明显的悖论。我们发现，无偏见的基因有较高的C-MF比性别偏见的基因，与两性间的遗传相关性约束性二型性的演变。然而，我们发现，高度性别偏见的基因（男性和女性偏见）也有较高的组织特异性，和无偏见的基因有更大的表达宽度，这表明多效性可能会限制崩溃的性间遗传相关。最后，我们发现，高C-MF的基因表现出一定程度的性别特异性的变化，在男性和女性的基因表达。总之，我们的研究结果表明，男性和女性之间的遗传相关性可能是不太重要的限制性别偏见的基因表达的进化比多效性。性别特异性调控变异和组织特异性可能解决在很大程度上共享的基因组内普遍存在的性别偏见的悖论。
Genetic correlations between males and females are often thought to constrain the evolution of sexual dimorphism. However, sexually dimorphic traits and the underlying sexually dimorphic gene expression patterns are often rapidly evolving. We explore this apparent paradox by measuring the genetic correlation in gene expression between males and females (C-mf) across broad evolutionary timescales, using two RNA-sequencing data sets spanning multiple populations and multiple species. We find that unbiased genes have higher C-mf than sex-biased genes, consistent with intersexual genetic correlations constraining the evolution of sexual dimorphism. However, we found that highly sex-biased genes (both male and female biased) also had higher tissue specificity, and unbiased genes had greater expression breadth, suggesting that pleiotropy may constrain the breakdown of intersexual genetic correlations. Finally, we show that genes with high C-mf showed some degree of sex-specific changes in gene expression in males and females. Together, our results suggest that genetic correlations between males and females may be less important in constraining the evolution of sex-biased gene expression than pleiotropy. Sex-specific regulatory variation and tissue specificity may resolve the paradox of widespread sex bias within a largely shared genome.