Tropical Indo‐Pacific Compounding Thermal Conditions Drive the 2019 Australian Extreme Drought
Tropical Indo‐Pacific Compounding Thermal Conditions Drive the 2019 Australian Extreme Drought
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DOI：
10.1029/2020gl090323
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发表时间：
2021-01
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Wenjun Zhang;Wei Mao;Feng Jiang;M. Stuecker;F. Jin;L. Qi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Wenjun Zhang;Wei Mao;Feng Jiang;M. Stuecker;F. Jin;L. Qi
澳大利亚在2019年遭受了长期的大范围干旱，灾难性的野火造成了约44亿美元的损失，这是近四十年来最严重的记录。与这场极端干旱同时发生的是热带印度洋-太平洋海洋表现出异常的海表温度（SST）异常组合，其特征是位于最西端的中太平洋（CP）厄尔尼诺事件和第三强的印度洋偶极子（IOD）事件。我们在这里证明，这种独特的组合是造成泛澳大利亚干旱的原因，因为位于向西的CP厄尔尼诺事件和强烈的正IOD事件分别会加剧澳大利亚东北部和南部的降水减少。在一个变暖的世界里，这些全大陆范围的极端干旱可能会在澳大利亚变得更加频繁，考虑到CP厄尔尼诺和极端正IOD事件叠加在长期变暖和干燥趋势上的预计增加。
Australia suffered a long‐lasting extensive drought in 2019 with catastrophic wildfires creating about $4.4 billion damages, the worst record in the recent four decades. Concurrent with this extreme drought, the tropical Indo‐Pacific oceans exhibited an extraordinary combination of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies, characterized by a Central‐Pacific (CP) El Niño event with westernmost location and the third strongest positive Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) event. We here show evidence that this unique combination was responsible for the pan‐Australian drought as a westward located CP El Niño event and a strong positive IOD event can exacerbate precipitation reduction in northeastern and southern Australia, respectively. These continent‐wide extreme droughts could become more frequent over Australia in a warming world, considering projected increases in both CP El Niño and extreme positive IOD events superimposed on secular warming and drying trends.