Novel terrestrial haul-out behaviour by ringed seals (Pusa hispida) in Svalbard, in association with harbour seals (Phoca vitulina)
Novel terrestrial haul-out behaviour by ringed seals (Pusa hispida) in Svalbard, in association with harbour seals (Phoca vitulina)
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DOI：
10.1080/17518369.2017.1374124
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Kovacs, Kit M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lydersen, Christian;Vaquie-Garcia, Jade;Kovacs, Kit M.
环海豹(Pusa Hispida)是所有北极鳍足动物中与冰关系最密切的。在斯瓦尔巴群岛地区，这一物种一直在海冰上产卵、蜕皮和休息。此外，它们的大部分食物都是与冰相关的猎物。最近，据报道，在斯皮茨卑尔根西海岸的一些峡湾，环状海豹正在使用陆地底物作为拖拽平台。在许多情况下，涉及的海豹是海豹(Phoca Vitulina)，它们正在将它们的分布扩大到斯瓦尔巴群岛内的新区域，并被错误地归类为环状海豹。然而，这项研究报告说，环状海豹现在也在退潮时暴露的岩石和海岸线上进行陆地捕杀。最近温暖的大西洋水(连同相关猎物)的入侵已经深入到西部斯皮茨卑尔根的峡湾，导致环状海豹的冰层条件恶化，并扩大了港口海豹的栖息地。在过去的十年里，环海豹越来越多地被限制在沿海地区，局限于潮汐冰川前缘的狭窄地带，那里的北极条件仍然占优势。在一个泻湖地区，环状海豹正在潮间带泥滩上拖出，与海豹密切相关。陆地可能会取代海冰，以满足环状海豹的许多拖拉需求。然而，对于通常出生在海冰上的雪巢中的小型干冷适应环状海豹幼崽来说，由于捕食和体温调节压力，陆地迁移不太可能是一个可行的解决方案。
Ringed seals (Pusa hispida) are the most ice-associated of all Arctic pinnipeds. In the Svalbard area, this species has always given birth, moulted and rested on sea ice. In addition, much of their food has been comprised of ice-associated prey. Recently, ringed seals have been reported to be using terrestrial substrates as a haul-out platform in some fjords on the west coast of Spitsbergen. In many cases the seals involved are harbour seals (Phoca vitulina), which are extending their distribution into new areas within the Svalbard Archipelago and which are being misclassified as ringed seals. However, this study reports that terrestrial haul-out by ringed seals is also now taking place on rocks exposed at low tide as well as on the coastline. Recent intrusions of warm Atlantic Water (with associated prey) have extended deep into the fjords of western Spitsbergen, resulting in deteriorated ice conditions for ringed seals and expanded habitat for harbour seals. Over the last decade, ringed seals have become more and more confined in coastal areas to narrow bands in front of tidal glacier fronts where Arctic conditions still prevail. In one lagoon area, ringed seals are hauling out on intertidal mud flats in close association with harbour seals. Land can likely replace sea-ice for many of the ringed seals haul-out needs. However, for the small dry-cold adapted ringed seal pups that are normally born in snow lairs on the sea ice, terrestrial haul-out is unlikely to be a viable solution because of predation and thermoregulatory stress.