Effects of elevated carbon dioxide, ozone and water availability on spring wheat growth and yield
Effects of elevated carbon dioxide, ozone and water availability on spring wheat growth and yield
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DOI：
10.1034/j.1399-3054.2000.108001061.x
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发表时间：
2000-01-01
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Selldén, G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pleijel, H;Gelang, J;Selldén, G
春小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）CV.龙）暴露于升高的二氧化碳（CO2），单独（1995年）或结合两个层次的臭氧（O-3）（1994年）或增加灌溉（1996年）在连续三个生长季节的一部分，欧盟ESPACE小麦计划，并进行了开顶室（OTCs）和环境空气（AA）在奥斯塔德，哥德堡东北50公里，瑞典的地块。加倍的CO2浓度有一个积极的影响，粮食产量在所有3年（+ 21，+ 7和+ 11，分别），虽然只有在1994年统计上显着，这一年的特点是一个温暖和干燥的夏天相比，1995年和1996年，其中夏季更潮湿，典型的西南瑞典。1994年，CO_2诱导的籽粒产量增加与绿色叶面积持续时间的增加有关，对秸秆产量和每平方米穗数有积极影响，对籽粒蛋白质浓度有消极影响（-13%），收获指数不受CO_2浓度升高的影响。1995年CO2浓度升高的唯一统计学显著影响是谷物蛋白质浓度下降（两种CO2浓度均为-11%），1996年秸秆产量增加（+21%）。在1996年的土壤水势是不太负的CO2浓度升高，这可能是反映了较低的水消耗这些植物。额外添加O-3显著影响籽粒产量（分别为-6%和-10%）和千粒重（分别为-3%和-6%）。CO2和O-3之间的统计学显着的相互作用，每单位面积的穗数和千粒重。在低CO2条件下，O3-对小麦千粒重有负效应，而在高CO2条件下，对小麦千粒重无影响。有一个显着的下降（-6%），在籽粒蛋白质浓度引起的灌溉量增加。与AA地块相比，在所有3年中，该室对植物发育和谷物产量有积极的影响。
Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Dragon) was exposed to elevated carbon dioxide (CO2), alone (1995) or in combination with two levels of increased ozone (O-3) (1994) or increased irrigation (1996) during three successive growing seasons as part of the EU ESPACE-wheat programme and conducted in open-top chambers (OTCs) and ambient air (AA) plots at Ostad, 50 km north-east of Goteborg, Sweden. Doubling the CO2 concentration had a positive effect on grain yield in all 3 years (+ 21, + 7 and + 11, respectively), although only statistically significant in 1994, That year was characterised by a warm and dry summer in comparison with 1995 and 1996, in which the summers were more humid and typical for south-west Sweden. In 1994, the CO2-induced increase in grain yield was associated with an increase in the duration of the green leaf area, a positive effect on straw yield and on the number of ears per square metre and a negative effect (-13%,) on grain protein concentration, Harvest index was unaffected by the elevated CO2 concentration. The only statistically significant effect of elevated CO2 in 1995 was a decrease in the grain protein concentration (-11% in both CO2 concentrations), and in 1996 an increase (+ 21%) in the straw yield. In 1996 the soil water potential was less negative in elevated CO2, which is likely to reflect a lower water consumption of these plants. Addition of extra O-3 significantly affected the grain yield (- 6 and -10%, respectively) and the 1000-grain weight negatively (- 3 and - 6%). Statistically significant interactions between CO2 and O-3 were obtained for the number of ears per unit area and for the 1000-grain weight. The 1000-grain weight was negatively affected by O-3 in low CO2, but remained unaffected in the high CO2 treatment. There was a significant decrease (- 6%) in the grain protein concentration induced by elevated irrigation. The chambers, compared with AA plots, had a positive effect on plant development and on grain yield in all 3 years.