Regulation of taxis and the rise of ridesharing
Regulation of taxis and the rise of ridesharing
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DOI：
10.1016/j.tranpol.2017.09.002
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发表时间：
2019-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6.8
通讯作者：
Deakin, Elizabeth
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cetin, Tamer;Deakin, Elizabeth
本文考察了传统出租车市场的经济监管经验，以及新兴的动态共乘服务对出租车行业的影响。本文简要介绍了世界各地城市出租车监管和拼车服务发展的历史。其目的是展示出租车监管的利弊，并解释为什么拼车服务在许多市场获得了稳固的立足点。尽管出租车市场的经济管制长期以来一直受到质疑，一些城市在过去几十年中放松了对出租车服务的管制，但大多数城市仍以环境问题和消费者保护为理由，继续管制市场准入和票价。动态拼车服务的最新发展，将司机与乘客匹配，使用手机技术处理匹配和支付，对传统出租车市场构成了重大挑战。虽然一些城市选择禁止这种新服务，但其他许多城市允许拼车服务与出租车竞争，但监管限制要少得多。这反过来又导致了新的政策问题：不仅出租车和拼车服务是否应该受到不同的监管，而且更广泛地说，考虑到传统出租车和新服务所采用的新技术，什么样的监管是合适的。
This paper examines the experience with economic regulation of traditional taxicab markets and the effects of newly emerging dynamic rideshare services on the taxicab industry. The paper provides a brief history of the regulation of taxicabs and the development of ridesharing services in cities world-wide. The aim is to show the pros and cons of taxicab regulation and explain why ridesharing services have gained a strong foothold in many markets. Even though economic regulation of taxicab markets has long been questioned, and some cities deregulated their taxi services over the past several decades, most cities have continued to regulate market entry and fares, citing environmental concerns and consumer protection as justifications. The recent development of dynamic ridesharing services, which match drivers with riders using cell phone technology to handle matches and payments, is posing a major challenge to the traditional taxi markets. While some cities have chosen to ban the new services, many others have allowed the rideshare services to compete with taxis, but with far fewer regulatory constraints. This in turn has led to new policy issues: not only whether taxis and ridesharing services should be regulated differently, but more broadly, what regulations are appropriate given the new technologies that are being employed by both traditional taxis and the new services.