Utilizing a Storm-Generating Hotspot to Study Convective Cloud Transitions: The CACTI Experiment
Utilizing a Storm-Generating Hotspot to Study Convective Cloud Transitions: The CACTI Experiment
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DOI：
10.1175/bams-d-20-0030.1
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发表时间：
2021-04
影响因子：
8
通讯作者：
A. Varble;S. Nesbitt;P. Salio;J. Hardin;N. Bharadwaj;Paloma Borque;P. DeMott;Zhe Feng;T. Hill;James N. Marquis;A. Matthews;F. Mei;R. Oktem;Vagner Castro;L. Goldberger;Alexis Hunzinger;Kevin R. Barry;S. Kreidenweis;G. McFarquhar;L. McMurdie;M. Pekour;H. Powers;D. Romps;C. Saulo;B. Schmid;J. Tomlinson;S. C. Heever;A. Zelenyuk;Zhixiao Zhang;E. Zipser
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文献类型：
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作者：
A. Varble;S. Nesbitt;P. Salio;J. Hardin;N. Bharadwaj;Paloma Borque;P. DeMott;Zhe Feng;T. Hill;James N. Marquis;A. Matthews;F. Mei;R. Oktem;Vagner Castro;L. Goldberger;Alexis Hunzinger;Kevin R. Barry;S. Kreidenweis;G. McFarquhar;L. McMurdie;M. Pekour;H. Powers;D. Romps;C. Saulo;B. Schmid;J. Tomlinson;S. C. Heever;A. Zelenyuk;Zhixiao Zhang;E. Zipser
云、气溶胶和复杂地形相互作用 (CACTI) 实地活动旨在提高对与周围大气热力学、流动和气溶胶条件相关的地形云生命周期的了解。选择在阿根廷中北部的科尔多瓦山脉部署是因为浓积云非常频繁、深层对流启动以及从固定地点可以独特观察到的中尺度对流组织。 2018 年 10 月至 2019 年 4 月期间，首次部署了 C 波段扫描大气辐射测量 (ARM) 降水雷达，并与 50 多个 ARM 移动设施大气状态、表面、气溶胶、辐射、云和降水仪器一起部署。11 月 1 日至 12 月 15 日期间，与 RELAMPAGO 实地活动同时进行了密集观测期 (IOP)，在此期间，ARM Gulfstream-1 飞机进行了 22 次飞行。在为期 7 个月的活动中，观测到了大量的大气过程和云状况，包括大量的地形积云和层积云事件；新颗粒的形成和生长产生高气溶胶浓度；雾和浅液体云中形成毛毛雨；大雨湿沉降后气溶胶条件非常低；在不同温度范围内的稠密云中开始形成冰；极端深层对流达到21公里高度；以及强烈的、含有冰雹的超级单体和中尺度对流系统的组织。这些综合数据集包括许多在该地区首次收集的数据集，并为研究地形云演化以及与山区气象条件、气溶胶、地表条件和辐射的相互作用提供了新的机会。
The Cloud, Aerosol, and Complex Terrain Interactions (CACTI) field campaign was designed to improve understanding of orographic cloud life cycles in relation to surrounding atmospheric thermodynamic, flow, and aerosol conditions. The deployment to the Sierras de Córdoba range in north-central Argentina was chosen because of very frequent cumulus congestus, deep convection initiation, and mesoscale convective organization uniquely observable from a fixed site. The C-band Scanning Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Precipitation Radar was deployed for the first time with over 50 ARM Mobile Facility atmospheric state, surface, aerosol, radiation, cloud, and precipitation instruments between October 2018 and April 2019. An intensive observing period (IOP) coincident with the RELAMPAGO field campaign was held between 1 November and 15 December during which 22 flights were performed by the ARM Gulfstream-1 aircraft. A multitude of atmospheric processes and cloud conditions were observed over the 7-month campaign, including numerous orographic cumulus and stratocumulus events; new particle formation and growth producing high aerosol concentrations; drizzle formation in fog and shallow liquid clouds; very low aerosol conditions following wet deposition in heavy rainfall; initiation of ice in congestus clouds across a range of temperatures; extreme deep convection reaching 21-km altitudes; and organization of intense, hail-containing supercells and mesoscale convective systems. These comprehensive datasets include many of the first ever collected in this region and provide new opportunities to study orographic cloud evolution and interactions with meteorological conditions, aerosols, surface conditions, and radiation in mountainous terrain.