Long-term patterns of air temperatures, daily temperature range, precipitation, grass-reference evapotranspiration and aridity index in the USA Great Plains: Part I. Spatial trends
Long-term patterns of air temperatures, daily temperature range, precipitation, grass-reference evapotranspiration and aridity index in the USA Great Plains: Part I. Spatial trends
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.06.006
复制
发表时间：
2016-11-01
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Irmak, S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kukal, M.;Irmak, S.
由于重要水文变量的时空特性，其长期量化和分析对于水资源规划、农业作物生产用水评估、作物蒸散模式量化以及灌溉管理与水文平衡关系的实际应用至关重要。在美国大平原800多个地点的观测数据，包括9个州和2，307，410 km（2）的表面积，约占美国陆地面积的30%，用于量化和绘制大规模和长期的（1968-2013年）气温、日较差（DTR）、降水量、草地参考蒸散量（ETo）和干旱指数（AI）的空间变化趋势，生长季节和年度时间步长。气温有较强的北向南上升趋势，年平均气温变化在-1 ~24 ℃之间，生长季平均气温变化在8 ~ 30 ℃之间。DTR从西部到东部逐渐下降，区域年平均值和生长季节平均值分别为14.25摄氏度和14.79摄氏度。降水量从西向东逐渐向高量级转移，年平均降水量和生长季（5月至9月）降水量分别为163至1486毫米和98至746毫米。ETo呈西南-东北递减趋势，区域年平均值和生长季平均值分别为1297 mm和823 mm。AI从西向东增加，表明向东较高的湿度（少干旱），区域年平均值和生长季平均值分别为0.49和0.44。这些重要气候变量的空间数据集和地图可以作为大平原地区气候变化和水文研究的宝贵背景。通过从绘制的地图中确定优先领域，有关人员和机构的努力以及资源可以转向制定整体战略，以应对气候变化下的水供应和需求挑战。这些战略可以包括但不限于推进水、作物和土壤管理，以及遗传改良及其与大规模气候变量的关系。(C)2016爱思唯尔B. V.保留所有权利。
Due to their substantial spatio-temporal behavior, long-term quantification and analyses of important hydrological variables are essential for practical applications in water resources planning, evaluating the water use of agricultural crop production and quantifying crop evapotranspiration patterns and irrigation management vs. hydrologic balance relationships. Observed data at over 800 sites across the Great Plains of USA, comprising of 9 states and 2,307,410 km(2) of surface area, which is about 30% of the terrestrial area of the USA, were used to quantify and map large-scale and long-term (1968-2013) spatial trends of air temperatures, daily temperature range (DTR), precipitation, grass-reference evapotranspiration (ETo) and aridity index (AI) at monthly, growing season and annual time steps. Air temperatures had a strong north to south increasing trend, with annual average varying from - 1 to 24 degrees C, and growing season average temperature varying from 8 to 30 degrees C. DTR gradually decreased from western to eastern parts of the region, with a regional annual and growing season averages of 14.25 degrees C and 14.79 degrees C, respectively. Precipitation had a gradual shift towards higher magnitudes from west to east, with the average annual and growing season (May-September) precipitation ranging from 163 to 1486 mm and from 98 to 746 mm, respectively. ETo had a southwest-northeast decreasing trend, with regional annual and growing season averages of 1297 mm and 823 mm, respectively. AI increased from west to east, indicating higher humidity (less arid) towards the east, with regional annual and growing season averages of 0.49 and 0.44, respectively. The spatial datasets and maps for these important climate variables can serve as valuable background for climate change and hydrologic studies in the Great Plains region. Through identification of priority areas from the developed maps, efforts of the concerned personnel and agencies and resources can be diverted towards development of holistic strategies to address water supply and demand challenges under changing climate. These strategies can consist of, but not limited to, advancing water, crop and soil management, and genetic improvements and their relationships with the climatic variables on large scales. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.