Ryogo Kubo in his formative years as a physicist
Ryogo Kubo in his formative years as a physicist
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久保良吾作为物理学家的成长岁月
DOI：
10.1140/epjh/e2020-10003-8
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hiroto Kono
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Itakura K;Hosoi F;Hiroto Kono
日本理论物理学家久保良吾对统计力学和凝聚态物理做出了卓越的贡献，其中与线性响应理论联系最为广泛。然而，尽管他在现代物理学史上很重要，但历史学家却很少关注他。本文利用他在新整理的档案中未发表的手稿，考察了他直到第二次世界大战结束为止的研究和研究。受到物理化学家哥哥久保正治和东京帝国大学环境的影响，他对物质性质的理论方法产生了兴趣，并致力于偶极气体和金属电阻的研究。毕业后，他应用特征值问题的方法研究了三种不同的现象——松弛、熔化和橡胶弹性。他还参与了战时夜间视觉研究，并致力于半导体光电发射。本文还指出了他早期研究中的两个不同焦点，这些焦点在战后的工作中一直存在：用今天的术语来说是固态物理学和统计力学。重建久保英雄的成长岁月有助于构建现代日本物理学一个关键方面的史学，即物质科学在战前和战争期间如何演变。
The Japanese theoretical physicist Ryogo Kubo made remarkable contributions to statistical mechanics and condensed matter physics, amongst which his name is most widely associated with the linear response theory. Despite his importance in the history of modern physics, however, historians have paid him little attention. Using his unpublished manuscripts in a newly organized archive, this paper examines his studies and research up to the end of World War II. Influenced by his brother Masaji Kubo, a physical chemist, and the milieu at Tokyo Imperial University, he became interested in theoretical approaches to properties of matter and worked on dipolar gases and resistance in metals. After graduation, he studied three different phenomena—relaxation, melting, and rubber elasticity—by applying the method of eigenvalue problems. He was also involved in wartime research on noctovision and worked on photoemission in semiconductors. This paper also identifies two distinct focuses in his early research that persisted in his work after the war: solid-state physics and statistical mechanics in today’s terminology. Reconstructing Kubo’s formative years is instrumental for constructing a historiography of a key aspect of modern Japanese physics, namely, how the science of matter evolved before and during the war.