The Different Faces of the Pancreatic Islet
The Different Faces of the Pancreatic Islet
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-319-39824-2_2
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Berggren, Per-Olof
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Abdulreda, Midhat H.;Rodriguez-Diaz, Rayner;Berggren, Per-Olof
接受胰岛移植的1型糖尿病（T1D）患者的生活质量显著改善。这主要是通过改善血糖水平的控制，恢复对低血糖的认识，以及预防严重和可能危及生命的糖尿病相关并发症，如肾衰竭，心脏和血管疾病，中风，神经损伤和失明。因此，通过移植分离的胰岛进行β细胞置换是治疗T1D的重要选择。然而，这种有前途的疗法的持久成功取决于移植胰岛的持久存活和功效，这直接受到胰岛分离程序的影响。因此，在胰岛移植的临床应用中，分离具有一致和可靠质量的胰岛是至关重要的。分离的胰岛的质量在临床前研究中也很重要，因为推进和改善胰岛移植治疗的临床结果的努力在很大程度上依赖于从啮齿动物到猪到非人灵长类动物的动物模型。因此，胰岛已经从这些和其他物种中分离出来，并用于各种体外或体内应用，用于此研究目的和其他研究目的。胰岛分离的方案在物种之间有些相似，特别是在哺乳动物中。然而，鉴于越来越多的证据表明人类和小鼠胰岛具有不同的结构和功能特征，使用相似的胰岛分离方法可能会导致胰岛质量、免疫原性和实验结果的不一致。这也可能导致临床前结果和临床结局之间的差异。因此，在优化胰岛分离方案时，考虑不同物种胰岛的特殊功能是明智的，在本章中，我们将探讨小鼠、猪、非人灵长类动物和人类胰岛的结构和功能特征，因为它们普遍用于非临床、临床前和临床应用。
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients who receive pancreatic islet transplant experience significant improvement in their quality-of-life. This comes primarily through improved control of blood sugar levels, restored awareness of hypoglycemia, and prevention of serious and potentially life-threatening diabetes-associated complications, such as kidney failure, heart and vascular disease, stroke, nerve damage, and blindness. Therefore, beta cell replacement through transplantation of isolated islets is an important option in the treatment of T1D. However, lasting success of this promising therapy depends on durable survival and efficacy of the transplanted islets, which are directly influenced by the islet isolation procedures. Thus, isolating pancreatic islets with consistent and reliable quality is critical in the clinical application of islet transplantation.Quality of isolated islets is important in pre-clinical studies as well, as efforts to advance and improve clinical outcomes of islet transplant therapy have relied heavily on animal models ranging from rodents, to pigs, to nonhuman primates. As a result, pancreatic islets have been isolated from these and other species and used in a variety of in vitro or in vivo applications for this and other research purposes. Protocols for islet isolation have been somewhat similar across species, especially, in mammals. However, given the increasing evidence about the distinct structural and functional features of human and mouse islets, using similar methods of islet isolation may contribute to inconsistencies in the islet quality, immunogenicity, and experimental outcomes. This may also contribute to the discrepancies commonly observed between pre-clinical findings and clinical outcomes. Therefore, it is prudent to consider the particular features of pancreatic islets from different species when optimizing islet isolation protocols.In this chapter, we explore the structural and functional features of pancreatic islets from mice, pigs, nonhuman primates, and humans because of their prevalent use in nonclinical, preclinical, and clinical applications.