Bilingual experience shapes language processing: Evidence from codeswitching
Bilingual experience shapes language processing: Evidence from codeswitching
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jml.2017.04.002
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发表时间：
2017-08-01
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Dussias, Paola E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Beatty-Martinez, Anne L.;Dussias, Paola E.
我们报道了两组在代码转换经验上不同的西班牙语-英语双语者(代码转换者和非代码转换者)的三个实验，以检验不同的产生选择如何预测理解难度。实验一利用事件相关电位考察了句子语境中性别一致和性别不一致的限定名词转换的加工。代码转换者表现出N400对一致性操作的敏感性，而非代码转换者则表现出早期额叶脑电活动对转换的调制，而与转换类型无关。实验2验证了实验1中比较的翻译等值目标词。在实验3中，参与实验1的双语者完成了一项引出自然语码转换语音的任务。代码转换者比非代码转换者更频繁地转换，他们的转换有力地反映了实验1中更容易处理的条件。总之，结果表明，理解系统对输入的变化变得最协调，并证明转换成本取决于代码转换的类型和双语者的语言体验。(C)2017 Elsevier Inc.保留所有权利。
We report three experiments on two groups of Spanish-English bilinguals who differed in codeswitching experience (codeswitchers and non-codeswitchers) to examine how different production choices predict comprehension difficulty. Experiment 1 examined the processing of gender congruent and gender incongruent determiner-noun switches in sentential contexts using event-related potentials. While codeswitchers demonstrated N400 sensitivity to congruency manipulations, non-codeswitchers showed a modulation of early frontal EEG activity to switching, regardless of switch type. Experiment 2 validated the translation-equivalent target words compared in Experiment I. In Experiment 3, the bilinguals who participated in Experiment 1 completed a task that elicited naturally-produced codeswitched speech. Codeswitchers switched more often than non-codeswitchers, and their switches robustly reflected the conditions that were more easily processed in Experiment 1. Together, the results indicate the comprehension system becomes optimally attuned to variation in the input, and demonstrate that switching costs depend on the type of codeswitch and bilinguals' language experience. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.