Genome-Wide Diversity in the Levant Reveals Recent Structuring by Culture
Genome-Wide Diversity in the Levant Reveals Recent Structuring by Culture
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pgen.1003316
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发表时间：
2013-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Zalloua, Pierre A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Haber, Marc;Gauguier, Dominique;Zalloua, Pierre A.
黎凡特是近东的一个地区，自旧石器时代以来，人类持续存在和重大文化发展的记录令人印象深刻。遗传学和考古学研究提供了确凿的证据，证明中东和阿拉伯半岛是非洲以外的第一块垫脚石。然而，人们对中东的人口变化，特别是黎凡特人在第一次走出非洲后的人口变化，以及黎凡特人之间是如何在基因上相互关联以及与他们的邻居之间的关系，知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们分析了来自黎凡特地区的1341个新样本中的500,000多个全基因组SNPs，并将它们与来自全球48个种群的样本进行了比较。我们的结果表明，黎凡特地区最近的基因分层是由该地区人口的宗教信仰驱动的。在过去的两千年里，文化的变化似乎促进/维持了来自黎凡特、阿拉伯半岛和非洲的文化相似人群之间的融合。同样的文化变化似乎也导致了其他群体的基因隔离，因为它们限制了与文化不同的邻近群体的混合。因此，今天的黎凡特人主要分为两个群体：一个与现代欧洲人和中亚人有更多的基因特征，另一个与其他中东人和非洲人有更密切的基因亲缘关系。最后，我们确定了一个推测的黎凡特祖先成分，它与其他中东人在最后一次冰川时期类似于23,700-15,500年前，与欧洲人类似于15,900-9,100年前最后一次冰川变暖与新石器时代开始之间的背离。
The Levant is a region in the Near East with an impressive record of continuous human existence and major cultural developments since the Paleolithic period. Genetic and archeological studies present solid evidence placing the Middle East and the Arabian Peninsula as the first stepping-stone outside Africa. There is, however, little understanding of demographic changes in the Middle East, particularly the Levant, after the first Out-of-Africa expansion and how the Levantine peoples relate genetically to each other and to their neighbors. In this study we analyze more than 500,000 genome-wide SNPs in 1,341 new samples from the Levant and compare them to samples from 48 populations worldwide. Our results show recent genetic stratifications in the Levant are driven by the religious affiliations of the populations within the region. Cultural changes within the last two millennia appear to have facilitated/ maintained admixture between culturally similar populations from the Levant, Arabian Peninsula, and Africa. The same cultural changes seem to have resulted in genetic isolation of other groups by limiting admixture with culturally different neighboring populations. Consequently, Levant populations today fall into two main groups: one sharing more genetic characteristics with modern-day Europeans and Central Asians, and the other with closer genetic affinities to other Middle Easterners and Africans. Finally, we identify a putative Levantine ancestral component that diverged from other Middle Easterners similar to 23,700-15,500 years ago during the last glacial period, and diverged from Europeans similar to 15,900-9,100 years ago between the last glacial warming and the start of the Neolithic.