Mechanisms of action of adjuvants.
Mechanisms of action of adjuvants.
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DOI：
10.3389/fimmu.2013.00114
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Mutwiri G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Awate S;Babiuk LA;Mutwiri G
佐剂被用于许多疫苗中，但其作用机制尚未完全了解。过去十年来对佐剂机制的研究正在慢慢揭示佐剂活性的秘密。本文综述了近年来佐剂作用机制的研究进展。佐剂可通过多种机制的组合起作用，包括形成储库、诱导细胞因子和趋化因子、募集免疫细胞、增强抗原摄取和呈递以及促进抗原转运至引流淋巴结。似乎佐剂激活先天免疫应答以在注射部位产生局部免疫活性环境。根据激活的先天性应答的类型，佐剂可以改变适应性免疫应答的质量和数量。了解佐剂的作用机制将提供关于先天免疫如何影响适应性免疫发展的关键信息，有助于合理设计针对各种疾病的疫苗，并可以提供佐剂安全性的信息。
Adjuvants are used in many vaccines, but their mechanisms of action are not fully understood. Studies from the past decade on adjuvant mechanisms are slowly revealing the secrets of adjuvant activity. In this review, we have summarized the recent progress in our understanding of the mechanisms of action of adjuvants. Adjuvants may act by a combination of various mechanisms including formation of depot, induction of cytokines and chemokines, recruitment of immune cells, enhancement of antigen uptake and presentation, and promoting antigen transport to draining lymph nodes. It appears that adjuvants activate innate immune responses to create a local immuno-competent environment at the injection site. Depending on the type of innate responses activated, adjuvants can alter the quality and quantity of adaptive immune responses. Understanding the mechanisms of action of adjuvants will provide critical information on how innate immunity influences the development of adaptive immunity, help in rational design of vaccines against various diseases, and can inform on adjuvant safety.