The Diffusion of Punitive Firearm Preemption Laws Across U.S. States
The Diffusion of Punitive Firearm Preemption Laws Across U.S. States
复制标题
惩罚性枪支先发制人法在美国各州的传播
DOI：
10.1016/j.amepre.2023.03.023
复制
发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Pomeranz, Jennifer L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Macinko, James;Silver, Diana;Clark, Duncan A.;Pomeranz, Jennifer L.
枪支暴力是一种公共卫生危机。大多数州禁止地方枪支法，但有些州的法律允许对通过被视为先发制人的枪支法的地方政府和立法者提起诉讼和其他处罚。这些惩罚性的枪支先发制人的法律可能会减少枪支政策的创新，讨论和采用超越先发制人。然而，这是未知的，这些法律如何从国家到state.MethodsIn 2022年，使用事件历史分析框架与国家二人组，逻辑回归模型估计与枪支惩罚性优先购买法的采用和扩散相关的因素，包括国家级的人口，经济，法律的，政治，人口，和国家的邻居factors.ResultsAs的2021年，15个州有惩罚性枪支优先购买法。背景调查次数增加（AOR=1.50; 95% CI=1.15，2.04），政府意识形态更保守（AOR=7.79; 95% CI=2.05，35.02），人均收入较低（AOR=0.16; 95% CI=0.05，0.44），更多的州允许枪支法律（AOR=2.75; 95%CI =1.57，5.30），和邻近国家通过的法律（AOR=3.97; 95%CI =1.52，11.51）与法律administration.ConclusionsBoth内部和外部的状态因素预测通过惩罚性枪支优先权。这项研究可能会提供洞察哪些国家容易在未来采用。倡导者，特别是在没有这样的法律的邻国，可能希望把他们的枪支安全政策的努力集中在反对通过惩罚性枪支先发制人。
IntroductionFirearm violence is a public health crisis. Most states prohibit local firearm laws, but some states have laws that allow for lawsuits and other penalties against local governments and lawmakers who pass firearm laws deemed preempted. These punitive firearm preemptive laws may reduce firearm policy innovation, discussion, and adoption beyond preemption alone. Yet, it is unknown how these laws spread from state to state.MethodsIn 2022, using an event history analysis framework with state dyads, logistic regression models estimate the factors associated with adoption and diffusion of firearm punitive preemption laws, including state-level demographic, economic, legal, political, population, and state-neighbor factors.ResultsAs of 2021, 15 states had punitive firearm preemption laws. Higher numbers of background checks (AOR=1.50; 95% CI=1.15, 2.04), more conservative government ideology (AOR=7.79; 95% CI=2.05, 35.02), lower per capita income (AOR=0.16; 95% CI=0.05, 0.44), a higher number of permissive state firearm laws (AOR=2.75; 95% CI=1.57, 5.30), and neighboring state passage of the law (AOR=3.97; 95% CI=1.52, 11.51) were associated with law adoption.ConclusionsBoth internal and external state factors predict the adoption of punitive firearm preemption. This study may provide insight into which states are susceptible to adoption in the future. Advocates, especially in neighboring states without such laws, may want to focus their firearm safety policy efforts on opposing the passage of punitive firearm preemption.