Detecting gender before you know it: How implementation intentions control early gender categorization
Detecting gender before you know it: How implementation intentions control early gender categorization
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DOI：
10.1016/j.brainres.2016.08.026
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发表时间：
2016-10
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Sabine Hügelschäfer;Alexander Jaudas;A. Achtziger
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sabine Hügelschäfer;Alexander Jaudas;A. Achtziger
性别分类是高度自动化的。在分类任务中测量男性和女性面孔呈现期间的ERPs的研究表明，这种分类非常快（约130 ms，由N170表示）。我们测试了这个自动过程是否可以通过目标意图和实施意图来控制。首先，我们复制了N170调制性别不一致的面孔，在以前的研究报告。这种效应只在一个任务中观察到，在这个任务中，面孔必须根据性别进行分类，而不是在一个任务中，需要响应的视觉特征添加到面部刺激（点的颜色），而性别是无关紧要的。第二，结果表明，N170调制的性别不一致的面孔被改变，如果目标意图的目的是控制性别偏见。我们将这一发现解释为无意识目标追求的指标。当这个目标意图被赋予一个实施意图时，N170调制完全不存在。相比之下，意图并没有改变稍后时间窗口（P300）的大脑活动，这与更复杂和更有意识的过程有关。与先前的研究一致，即使个体强烈参与另一项任务，P300也会受到性别不一致的调制，这表明性别检测的自动性。我们解释我们的研究结果作为证据，自动性别分类发生在一个非常早期的处理阶段，可以有效地控制的意图。
Gender categorization is highly automatic. Studies measuring ERPs during the presentation of male and female faces in a categorization task showed that this categorization is extremely quick (around 130 ms, indicated by the N170). We tested whether this automatic process can be controlled by goal intentions and implementation intentions. First, we replicated the N170 modulation on gender-incongruent faces as reported in previous research. This effect was only observed in a task in which faces had to be categorized according to gender, but not in a task that required responding to a visual feature added to the face stimuli (the color of a dot) while gender was irrelevant. Second, it turned out that the N170 modulation on gender-incongruent faces was altered if a goal intention was set that aimed at controlling a gender bias. We interpret this finding as an indicator of nonconscious goal pursuit. The N170 modulation was completely absent when this goal intention was furnished with an implementation intention. In contrast, intentions did not alter brain activity at a later time window (P300), which is associated with more complex and rather conscious processes. In line with previous research, the P300 was modulated by gender incongruency even if individuals were strongly involved in another task, demonstrating the automaticity of gender detection. We interpret our findings as evidence that automatic gender categorization that occurs at a very early processing stage can be effectively controlled by intentions.